Chapter 8 - Periodic Relationships Among the Elements - Questions & Problems - Page 360: 8.3

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In the modern periodic table, there are 18 vertical columns or groups. • Each of the groups consists of 7 to 8 elements having the same electronic configuration in the outermost shell. • These groups are numbered from 1 to 18. • Elements of group 1 are called alkali metals. • Elements of group 2 are called alkaline earth metals. • Elements of group 16 are called chalcogens. • Elements of group 17 are called halogens Periods in the Periodic Table • The long form of the periodic table consists of 7 periods. • These are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 from top to bottom. • The first period consists of only two elements – Hydrogen and Helium. • The second and third period consists of 8 elements each. • The fourth and fifth consists of 18 elements each. • The sixth period and seventh period have a maximum of 32 elements. • In the modern periodic table, there is a separate block at the bottom consisting of 14 elements of the 6th period called the lanthanoids and 14 elements of the seventh period called the actinoids.