Answer
Crystal field theory was established in 1929 and treats the interaction of metal ion and ligand as a purely electrostatic phenomenon where the ligands are considered as point charges in the vicinity of the atomic orbitals of the central atom. Development and extension of crystal field theory taken into account the partly covalent nature of bonds between the ligand and metal atom mainly through the application of molecular orbital theory. Crystal field theory is often termed ligand field theory.
Crystal field theory (CFT) describes the breaking of degeneracies of electron orbital states, typically d or f orbitals, caused by a static electric field generated by a surrounding charge distribution (anion neighbours).
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