## Trigonometry (10th Edition)

The fourth roots of 1 are: $cos~0^{\circ}+i~sin~0^{\circ}$ $cos~90^{\circ}+i~sin~90^{\circ}$ $cos~180^{\circ}+i~sin~180^{\circ}$ $cos~270^{\circ}+i~sin~270^{\circ}$ We can graph the fourth roots in the complex plane:
$z = 1 + 0~i$ $z = cos~0^{\circ}+i~sin~0^{\circ}$ $r = 1$ and $\theta = 0^{\circ}$ We can use this equation to find the square roots: $z^{1/n} = r^{1/n}~[cos(\frac{\theta}{n}+\frac{360^{\circ}~k}{n})+i~sin(\frac{\theta}{n}+\frac{360^{\circ}~k}{n})]$, where $k \in \{0, 1, 2,...,n-1\}$ When k = 0: $z^{1/4} = 1^{1/4}~[cos(\frac{0^{\circ}}{4}+\frac{(360^{\circ})(0)}{4})+i~sin(\frac{0^{\circ}}{4}+\frac{(360^{\circ})(0)}{4})]$ $z^{1/4} = 1~[cos~0^{\circ}+i~sin~0^{\circ}]$ $z^{1/4} = cos~0^{\circ}+i~sin~0^{\circ}$ When k = 1: $z^{1/4} = 1^{1/4}~[cos(\frac{0^{\circ}}{4}+\frac{(360^{\circ})(1)}{4})+i~sin(\frac{0^{\circ}}{4}+\frac{(360^{\circ})(1)}{4})]$ $z^{1/4} = 1~[cos~90^{\circ}+i~sin~90^{\circ}]$ $z^{1/4} = cos~90^{\circ}+i~sin~90^{\circ}$ When k = 2: $z^{1/4} = 1^{1/4}~[cos(\frac{0^{\circ}}{4}+\frac{(360^{\circ})(2)}{4})+i~sin(\frac{0^{\circ}}{4}+\frac{(360^{\circ})(2)}{4})]$ $z^{1/4} = 1~[cos~180^{\circ}+i~sin~180^{\circ}]$ $z^{1/4} = cos~180^{\circ}+i~sin~180^{\circ}$ When k = 3: $z^{1/4} = 1^{1/4}~[cos(\frac{0^{\circ}}{4}+\frac{(360^{\circ})(3)}{4})+i~sin(\frac{0^{\circ}}{4}+\frac{(360^{\circ})(3)}{4})]$ $z^{1/4} = 1~[cos~270^{\circ}+i~sin~270^{\circ}]$ $z^{1/4} = cos~270^{\circ}+i~sin~270^{\circ}$ We can graph the fourth roots in the complex plane: