University Calculus: Early Transcendentals (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321999584
ISBN 13: 978-0-32199-958-0

Chapter 9 - Section 9.7 - Power Series - Exercises - Page 530: 8

Answer

$a.\quad R=1. \quad $Interval of convergence:$\quad -3\lt x\leq-1$ $b.\quad $ Interval of absolute convergence:$\quad -3\lt x\lt-1$ $c.\quad $ At $x=-1,\quad $ the series converges conditionally.

Work Step by Step

(See text: "How to Test a Power Series for Convergence".) $\text{Step 1.}$ Use the Ratio Test to find the interval where the series converges absolutely. $\begin{align*} \displaystyle \frac{u_{n+1}}{u_{n}}&=\displaystyle \frac{(-1)^{n+1}(x+2)^{n+1}}{n+1}\div\frac{(-1)^{n}(x+2)^{n}}{n}\\ &=\displaystyle \frac{(-1)^{n+1}(x+2)^{n+1}}{n+1}\cdot\frac{n}{(-1)^{n}(x+2)^{n}}\\ &=\displaystyle \frac{-(x+2)\cdot n}{n+1}\\ \displaystyle \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}|-(x+2)\cdot\frac{n}{n+1}|&\lt 1\displaystyle \\ |-(x+2)|\displaystyle \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}|\frac{n}{n+1}|&\lt 1\displaystyle \\ \text{ (the limit =1)} \\ |x+2|\cdot 1&\lt 1 \\ -1&\lt x+2\lt 1 \\ -3&\lt x\lt-1 \end{align*}.$ Determine the center and radius: $a-R\lt x\lt a+R$ $-2-1\lt x\lt -2+1$ $a=-2,\quad $ the radius is $R=1,$ the interval of absolute convergence is $-3\lt x\lt-1$ $\text{Step 2.}$ If the interval of absolute convergence is finite, test for convergence or divergence at each endpoint. $ x=-3\quad \Rightarrow$ $\displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{n}(-3+2)^{n}}{n}=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n}\qquad$ ... a divergent series $ x=-1\quad \Rightarrow$ $\displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{n}(-1+2)^{n}}{n}=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{n}}{n}\qquad$ ... an alternating harmonic series is convergent $\rightarrow $ conditional convergence at $x=-1$. $\text{Step 3.}$ If the interval of absolute convergence is $a-R\lt x\lt a+R$, the series diverges for $|x-a|\gt R.$ So, $a.\quad R=1. \quad $Interval of convergence:$\quad -3\lt x\leq-1$ $b.\quad $ Interval of absolute convergence:$\quad -3\lt x\lt-1$ $c.\quad $ At $x=-1,\quad $ the series converges conditionally.
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