University Calculus: Early Transcendentals (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321999584
ISBN 13: 978-0-32199-958-0

Chapter 4 - Section 4.1 - Extreme Values of Functions - Exercises - Page 216: 78

Answer

$ a.\quad$ No. $ b.\quad$ No. $ c.\quad$ No. $ d.\quad$ f(x) has absolute minimum values of 0 at $x=-3,0,3$, and local maxima of $6\sqrt{3}$ at $x=\pm\sqrt{3}$

Work Step by Step

The absolute value function is defined as $|x|=\left\{\begin{array}{ll} x, & x\geq 0\\ -x & x\leq 0 \end{array}\right.$. $x^{3}-9x=x(x^{2}-9)=x(x-3)(x+3)$ We find out where this is positive: $\left[\begin{array}{llllllllll} & -\infty & & -3 & & 0 & & 3 & & \infty\\ x & & - & & - & & + & & + & \\ x+3 & & - & & + & & + & & + & \\ x-3 & & - & & - & & - & & + & \\ \hline & & & & & & & & & \\ x^{3}-9x & & - & & + & & - & & + & \end{array}\right]$ So, $f(x)=\left\{\begin{array}{lll} x^{3}-9x & for & x\in(-3,0)\cup(3,+\infty)\\ -(x^{3}-9x) & for & x\in(-\infty,-3)\cup(0,3) \end{array}\right.$ $f'(x)=\left\{\begin{array}{lll} 3x^{2}-9 & for & x\in(-3,0)\cup(3,+\infty)\\ -3x^{2}+9 & for & x\in(-\infty,-3)\cup(0,3) \end{array}\right.$ $(a)$ $\displaystyle \lim_{x\rightarrow 0^{-}}f'(x)=-9,\qquad \lim_{x\rightarrow 0^{+}}f'(x)=9$, so $f'(0)$ is not defined. $(b)$ $\displaystyle \lim_{x\rightarrow-3^{-}}f'(x)=-27+9=-18,\qquad \lim_{x\rightarrow-3^{+}}f'(x)=27-9=18$, so $f'(-3)$ is not defined. $(c)$ $\displaystyle \lim_{x\rightarrow 3^{-}}f'(x)=27-9=18,\qquad \lim_{x\rightarrow 3^{+}}f'(x)=-27+9=-18$, so $f'(3)$ is not defined. $(d)$ Critical points: $-3,0,+3$ ($f'$ is undefined) and $\pm\sqrt{3}\quad$ ($f'(x)=0$) $f(0)=f(3)=f(-3)=0,$ $f(-\sqrt{3})=|-3\sqrt{3}+9\sqrt{3})=6\sqrt{3}$ $f(\sqrt{3})=|3\sqrt{3}-9\sqrt{3})=6\sqrt{3}$ When $ x\rightarrow\pm\infty,\quad f(x)\rightarrow+\infty$. So, f(x) has absolute minimum values of 0 at $x=-3,0,3$, and local maxima of $6\sqrt{3}$ at $x=\pm\sqrt{3}$
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