University Calculus: Early Transcendentals (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321999584
ISBN 13: 978-0-32199-958-0

Chapter 3 - Section 3.1 - Tangents and the Derivative at a Point - Exercises - Page 118: 21

Answer

The slope of the curve at $x=3$ is $-1/4$.

Work Step by Step

The slope $m$ of the tangent line of the curve $f(x)$ at $A(a,b)$ is also the slope of the curve at that point, which is calculated by $$m=\lim_{h\to0}\frac{f(a+h)-f(a)}{h}$$ $$f(x)=\frac{1}{x-1}\hspace{1cm}x=3$$ To calculate the slope of the curve at $x=3$, we apply the above formula: $$m=\lim_{h\to0}\frac{f(a+h)-f(a)}{h}$$ Here $a=x=3$ $$m=\lim_{h\to0}\frac{f(h+3)-f(3)}{h}$$ $$m=\lim_{h\to0}\frac{\frac{1}{h+3-1}-\frac{1}{3-1}}{h}=\lim_{h\to0}\frac{\frac{1}{h+2}-\frac{1}{2}}{h}=\lim_{h\to0}\frac{\frac{2-(h+2)}{2(h+2)}}{h}$$ $$m=\lim_{h\to0}\frac{-h}{2h(h+2)}=\lim_{h\to0}\frac{-1}{2(h+2)}$$ $$m=\frac{-1}{2(0+2)}=-\frac{1}{4}$$ The slope of the curve at $x=3$ is $-1/4$.
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