Calculus 10th Edition

Published by Brooks Cole
ISBN 10: 1-28505-709-0
ISBN 13: 978-1-28505-709-5

Chapter 8 - Integration Techniques, L'Hopital's Rule, and Improper Integrals - Review Exercises - Page 580: 88

Answer

$$\pi $$

Work Step by Step

$$\eqalign{ & \int_0^\infty {\frac{2}{{\sqrt x \left( {x + 4} \right)}}dx} \cr & \frac{2}{{\sqrt x \left( {x + 4} \right)}}{\text{ has an infinite discontinuity at }}x = 0,{\text{so we can write}} \cr & \int_0^\infty {\frac{2}{{\sqrt x \left( {x + 4} \right)}}dx} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{a \to {0^ + }} \int_a^1 {\frac{2}{{\sqrt x \left( {x + 4} \right)}}} dx + \mathop {\lim }\limits_{b \to \infty } \int_1^b {\frac{2}{{\sqrt x \left( {x + 4} \right)}}} dx \cr & \cr & *{\text{Integrating }}\int {\frac{2}{{\sqrt x \left( {x + 4} \right)}}dx} \cr & {\text{Let }}{u^2} = x,{\text{ }}2udu = dx \cr & \int {\frac{2}{{\sqrt x \left( {x + 4} \right)}}dx} = \int {\frac{2}{{\sqrt {{u^2}} \left( {{u^2} + 4} \right)}}\left( {2u} \right)du} = \int {\frac{4}{{{u^2} + 4}}du} \cr & = \frac{4}{2}{\tan ^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{u}{2}} \right) + C \cr & = 2{\tan ^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{{\sqrt x }}{2}} \right) + C,{\text{ then}} \cr & \cr & \mathop {\lim }\limits_{a \to {0^ + }} \int_a^1 {\frac{2}{{\sqrt x \left( {x + 4} \right)}}} dx + \mathop {\lim }\limits_{b \to \infty } \int_1^b {\frac{2}{{\sqrt x \left( {x + 4} \right)}}} dx \cr & = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{a \to {0^ + }} \left[ {2{{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{{\sqrt x }}{2}} \right)} \right]_a^1 + \mathop {\lim }\limits_{b \to \infty } \left[ {2{{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{{\sqrt x }}{2}} \right)} \right]_1^b \cr & = 2\mathop {\lim }\limits_{a \to {0^ + }} \left[ {{{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{{\sqrt 1 }}{2}} \right) - {{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{{\sqrt a }}{2}} \right)} \right] \cr & + 2\mathop {\lim }\limits_{b \to \infty } \left[ {{{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{{\sqrt b }}{2}} \right) - {{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{{\sqrt 1 }}{2}} \right)} \right] \cr & {\text{Evaluate the limits}} \cr & = 2{\tan ^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right) - {\tan ^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{0}{2}} \right) + 2{\tan ^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{\infty }{2}} \right) - 2{\tan ^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right) \cr & = 2{\tan ^{ - 1}}\left( \infty \right) \cr & = 2\left( {\frac{\pi }{2}} \right) \cr & = \pi \cr} $$
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