Differential Equations and Linear Algebra (4th Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32196-467-5
ISBN 13: 978-0-32196-467-0

Chapter 8 - Linear Differential Equations of Order n - 8.8 A Differential Equation with Nonconstant Coefficients - Problems - Page 567: 16

Answer

$y(x)=c_1\cos (3\ln x)+c_2\sin (3\ln x)-\cos (3x \ln x)\cos (3\ln x)+\sin (3x\ln x)\sin (3\ln x)$

Work Step by Step

Given $x^2y''+xy'+9y=9\ln x$ In this case the substitution $y(x) = x^r$ yields the indicial equation $$r(r-1)+r+9=0\\ r^2+9=0$$ It follows that two linearly independent solutions to the given differential equation are $u_1(x)=\cos (3 \ln x)\\ u_2(x)=\sin (3\ln x)$ so that the general solution is $y(x)=u_1(x)\cos (3\ln x)+u_2(x)\sin (3\ln x)$ where $u_1$ and $u_2$ are determined from $u_1'(x)\cos (3\ln x)+u_2'(x)\sin (3\ln x)=0\\ u_1'(x)(\cos (3\ln x))'+u'_2(x)(\sin (3\ln x))'=9x^{-2}\ln x$ Hence, $u_1'=3x^{-1}\cos (3\ln x)\ln x\\ u_2'=-3x^{-1}\sin (3\ln x)\ln x$ which upon integration gives $u_1(x)=\ln x\cos (3\ln x)-\frac{1}{3}\sin(3\ln x)\\ u_2(x)=\ln x\sin (3\ln x)+\frac{1}{3}\cos (3\ln x)$ Thus, the given equation has general solution $y(x)=c_1\cos (3\ln x)+c_2\sin (3\ln x)-\cos (3x \ln x)\cos (3\ln x)+\sin (3x\ln x)\sin (3\ln x)$
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