Differential Equations and Linear Algebra (4th Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32196-467-5
ISBN 13: 978-0-32196-467-0

Chapter 2 - Matrices and Systems of Linear Equations - 2.6 The Inverse of a Square Matrix - Problems - Page 178: 23

Answer

$x=\begin{bmatrix} -2\\ 2\\ 1 \end{bmatrix}$

Work Step by Step

Write the system in the matrix form: $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & -2\\ 0 &1 & 1\\ 2& 4 &-3 \end{bmatrix}.\begin{bmatrix} x_1\\ x_2\\ x_3 \end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix} -2\\ 3 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix}$ Find the inverse for matrix $A=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & -2\\ 0 &1 & 1\\ 2& 4 &-3 \end{bmatrix}$: $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & -2 | 1 & 0 & 0\\ 0 &1 & 1 | 0 &1 & 0\\ 2& 4 &-3 | 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix} \approx^1\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & -2 | 1 & 0 & 0\\ 0 &1 & 1 | 0 &1 & 0\\ 0& 2 &1 | -2 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix} \approx^2 \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & -3 | 1 & -1 & 0\\ 0 &1 & 1 | 0 &1 & 0\\ 0& 0 &-1 | -2 & -2 & 1 \end{bmatrix} \approx^3 \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & -3 | 7 & 5 & -3\\ 0 &1 & 0 | -2 &-1 & 1\\ 0& 0 &-1 | -2 & -2 & 1 \end{bmatrix} \approx^4 \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 | 7 & 5 & -3\\ 0 &1 & 0 | -2 &-1 & 1\\ 0& 0 &1 | 2 & 2 & -1 \end{bmatrix}$ Hence, $A^{-1}=\begin{bmatrix} 7 & 5& -3\\ -2 & -1 & 1\\ 2 & 2 & -1 \end{bmatrix}$ Using $x=A^{-1}b$ to find x: $X=\begin{bmatrix} 7 & 5& -3\\ -2 & -1 & 1\\ 2 & 2 & -1 \end{bmatrix}.\begin{bmatrix} -2\\ 3 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix} -2\\ 2\\ 1 \end{bmatrix}$
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