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Flat shading is a technique used in computer graphics to render surfaces with a uniform color or shading across each polygon, regardless of the lighting conditions or the orientation of the polygon's surface. Instead of calculating lighting effects for each point on the surface individually, flat shading assigns a single color or shading to the entire polygon based on the angle of the polygon's surface with respect to the light source. This results in a simplified and uniform appearance, which is often used in situations where computational efficiency is prioritized over visual accuracy, such as in real-time rendering applications or when modeling low-polygon objects.
