Agafya Anton Chekhov

Citations

  1. ^ Chekhov & Garnett 2004, TO G. I. ROSSOLIMO.YALTA, October 11, 1899.
  2. ^ Rayfield 1997, p. 595.
  3. ^ a b Hingley, Ronald Francis (25 January 2022). "Anton Chekhov – Biography, Plays, Short Stories, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  4. ^ Chekhov & Bartlett 2004, p. xx.
  5. ^ Boyd, William (3 July 2004). "A Chekhov lexicon". the Guardian. Retrieved 31 October 2023. Quite probably. the best short-story writer ever.
  6. ^ Steiner, George (13 May 2001). "Observer review: The Undiscovered Chekov by Anton Chekov". the Guardian. Retrieved 31 October 2023. Stories ... which are among the supreme achievements in prose narrative.
  7. ^ Bloom 2002, p. .
  8. ^ Chekhov & Garnett 2004, Letter to Alexei Suvorin, 11 September 1888.
  9. ^ Also on Wikiquote.
  10. ^ Miles 1993, p. 9.
  11. ^ Allen 2002, p. 13.
  12. ^ Styan 1981, p. 84; "A richer submerged life in the text is characteristic of a more profound drama of realism, one which depends less on the externals of presentation."
  13. ^ Malcolm 2004, p. 87; "Chekhov is said to be the father of the modern short story".
  14. ^ Power & Joyce 1974, p. 57.
  15. ^ "Tchehov's breach with the classical tradition is the most significant event in modern literature", John Middleton Murry, in Athenaeum, 8 April 1922, cited in Bartlett's introduction to About Love.
  16. ^ "You are right in demanding that an artist should take an intelligent attitude to his work, but you confuse two things: solving a problem and stating a problem correctly. It is only the second that is obligatory for the artist." Letter to Suvorin, 27 October 1888. Letters of Anton Chekhov.
  17. ^ Rayfield 1997, pp. 3–4: Egor Mikhailovich Chekhov and Efrosinia Emelianovna
  18. ^ Wood 2000, p. 78
  19. ^ "The Anton Chekhov Foundation".
  20. ^ Abdulaziz, Sanaa (19 May 2022). "The Chekhov museum in Ukraine under fire from Russian missiles". The Independent.
  21. ^ Payne 1991, p. XVII.
  22. ^ Simmons 1970, p. 18.
  23. ^ Chekhov and Taganrog, Taganrog city website.
  24. ^ a b c d e f From the biographical sketch, adapted from a memoir by Chekhov's brother Mihail, which prefaces Constance Garnett's translation of Chekhov's letters, 1920.
  25. ^ Malcolm 2004, p. 102; Letter to brother Alexander, 2 January 1889
  26. ^ Chekhov & Garnett 2004, YALTA, March 27, 1894.
  27. ^ Bartlett, pp. 4–5.
  28. ^ Letter to I.L. Shcheglov, 9 March 1892. Letters of Anton Chekhov.
  29. ^ Rayfield 1997, p. 31.
  30. ^ Letter to cousin Mihail, 10 May 1877. Letters of Anton Chekhov.
  31. ^ Malcolm 2004, p. 25.
  32. ^ a b Payne 1991, p. XX.
  33. ^ Letter to brother Mihail, 1 July 1876. Letters of Anton Chekhov.
  34. ^ Simmons 1970, p. 26.
  35. ^ Simmons 1970, p. 33.
  36. ^ Rayfield 1997, p. 69.
  37. ^ Wood 2000, p. 79.
  38. ^ Rayfield 1997, p. 91.
  39. ^ "There is in these miniatures an arresting potion of cruelty ... The wonderfully compassionate Chekhov was yet to mature." "Vodka Miniatures, Belching and Angry Cats", George Steiner's review of The Undiscovered Chekhov in The Observer, 13 May 2001. Retrieved 16 February 2007.
  40. ^ Willis, Louis (27 January 2013). "Chekhov's Crime Stories". Literary and Genre. Knoxville: SleuthSayers.
  41. ^ Malcolm 2004, p. 26.
  42. ^ Letter to N.A.Leykin, 6 April 1886. Letters of Anton Chekhov.
  43. ^ Rayfield 1997, p. 128.
  44. ^ Rayfield 1997, pp. 448–450: They only ever fell out once, when Chekhov objected to the anti-Semitic attacks in New Times against Dreyfus and Zola in 1898.
  45. ^ In many ways, the right-wing Suvorin, whom Lenin later called "The running dog of the Tzar" (Payne, XXXV), was Chekhov's opposite; "Chekhov had to function like Suvorin's kidney, extracting the businessman's poisons."Wood 2000, p. 79
  46. ^ The Huntsman.. Retrieved 16 February 2007.
  47. ^ Malcolm 2004, pp. 32–33.
  48. ^ Payne 1991, p. XXIV.
  49. ^ Simmons 1970, p. 160.
  50. ^ "There is a scent of the steppe and one hears the birds sing. I see my old friends the ravens flying over the steppe." Letter to sister Masha, 2 April 1887. Letters of Anton Chekhov.
  51. ^ Letter to Grigorovich, 12 January 1888. Quoted by Malcolm 2004, p. 137.
  52. ^ "'The Steppe,' as Michael Finke suggests, is 'a sort of dictionary of Chekhov's poetics,' a kind of sample case of the concealed literary weapons Chekhov would deploy in his work to come." Malcolm 2004, p. 147.
  53. ^ From the biographical sketch, adapted from a memoir by Chekhov's brother Mikhail, which prefaces Constance Garnett's translation of Chekhov's letters, 1920.
  54. ^ Letter to brother Alexander, 20 November 1887. Letters of Anton Chekhov.
  55. ^ Petr Mikhaĭlovich Bit︠s︡illi (1983), Chekhov's Art: A Stylistic Analysis, Ardis, p. x
  56. ^ Daniel S. Burt (2008), The Literature 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Novelists, Playwrights, and Poets of All Time, Infobase Publishing
  57. ^ a b Valentine T. Bill (1987), Chekhov: The Silent Voice of Freedom, Philosophical Library
  58. ^ S. Shchukin, Memoirs (1911)
  59. ^ "A Dreary Story.". Retrieved 16 February 2007.
  60. ^ Simmons 1970, pp. 186–191.
  61. ^ Malcolm 2004, p. 129.
  62. ^ Simmons 1970, p. 223.
  63. ^ Rayfield 1997, p. 224.
  64. ^ Chekhov & Garnett 2004, (TO HIS SISTER.) TOMSK, May 20 (1890).
  65. ^ Wood 2000, p. 85.
  66. ^ Rayfield 1997, p. 230.
  67. ^ Chekhov & Garnett 2004, TO A. F. KONI. PETERSBURG, January 16, 1891..
  68. ^ Malcolm 2004, p. 125.
  69. ^ Simmons 1970, p. 229: Such is the general critical view of the work, but Simmons calls it a "valuable and intensely human document."
  70. ^ "The Murder". Retrieved 16 February 2007.
  71. ^ Murakami, Haruki. 1Q84. Alfred A. Knopf: New York, 2011.
  72. ^ Heaney, Seamus. Station Island Farrar Straus Giroux: New York, 1985.
  73. ^ Gould, Rebecca Ruth (2018). "The aesthetic terrain of settler colonialism: Katherine Mansfield and Anton Chekhov's natives". Journal of Postcolonial Writing. 55: 48–65. doi:10.1080/17449855.2018.1511242. S2CID 165401623.
  74. ^ From the biographical sketch, adapted from a memoir by Chekhov's brother Mikhail, which prefaces Constance Garnett's translation of Chekhov's letters, 1920.
  75. ^ From the biographical sketch, adapted from a memoir by Chekhov's brother Mihail, which prefaces Constance Garnett's translation of Chekhov's letters, 1920.
  76. ^ Note-Book.. Retrieved 16 February 2007.
  77. ^ Rayfield 1997, pp. 394–398.
  78. ^ Benedetti, Stanislavski: An Introduction, 25.
  79. ^ Chekhov and the Art Theatre, in Stanislavski's words, were united in a common desire "to achieve artistic simplicity and truth on the stage."Allen 2002, p. 11
  80. ^ Rayfield 1997, pp. 390–391: Rayfield draws from his critical study Chekhov's "Uncle Vanya" and the "Wood Demon" (1995), which anatomised the evolution of the Wood Demon into Uncle Vanya—"one of Chekhov's most furtive achievements."
  81. ^ Tabachnikova, Olga (2010). Anton Chekhov Through the Eyes of Russian Thinkers: Vasilii Rozanov, Dmitrii Merezhkovskii and Lev Shestov. Anthem Press. p. 26. ISBN 978-1-84331-841-5. For Rozanov, Chekhov represents a concluding stage of classical Russian literature at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, caused by the fading of the thousand-year-old Christian tradition that had sustained much of this literature. On the one hand, Rozanov regards Chekhov's positivism and atheism as his shortcomings, naming them among the reasons for Chekhov's popularity in society.
  82. ^ Chekhov, Anton Pavlovich (1997). Karlinsky, Simon; Heim, Michael Henry (eds.). Anton Chekhov's Life and Thought: Selected Letters and Commentary. Northwestern University Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-8101-1460-9. While Anton did not turn into the kind of militant atheist that his older brother Alexander eventually became, there is no doubt that he was a non-believer in the last decades of his life.
  83. ^ Richard Pevear (2009). Selected Stories of Anton Chekhov. Random House Digital, Inc. pp. xxii. ISBN 978-0-307-56828-1. According to Leonid Grossman, 'In his revelation of those evangelical elements, the atheist Chekhov is unquestionably one of the most Christian poets of world literature.'
  84. ^ Letter to Suvorin, 1 April 1897. Letters of Anton Chekhov.
  85. ^ Olga Knipper, "Memoir", in Benedetti 1997, pp. 37, 270
  86. ^ Bartlett, 2.
  87. ^ Malcolm 2004, pp. 170–171.
  88. ^ "I have a horror of weddings, the congratulations and the champagne, standing around, glass in hand with an endless grin on your face." Letter to Olga Knipper, 19 April 1901.
  89. ^ Benedetti 1997, p. 125.
  90. ^ Rayfield 1997, p. 500"Olga's relations with Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko were more than professional."
  91. ^ Harvey Pitcher in Chekhov's Leading Lady, quoted in Malcolm 2004, p. 59.
  92. ^ "Chekhov had the temperament of a philanderer. Sexually, he preferred brothels or swift liaisons."Wood 2000, p. 78
  93. ^ Letter to Suvorin, 23 March 1895. Letters of Anton Chekhov.
  94. ^ Rayfield 1997, pp. 556–557Rayfield also tentatively suggests, drawing on obstetric clues, that Olga suffered an ectopic pregnancy rather than a miscarriage.
  95. ^ There was certainly tension between the couple after the miscarriage, though Simmons 1970, p. 569, and Benedetti 1997, p. 241, put this down to Chekhov's mother and sister blaming the miscarriage on Olga's late-night socialising with her actor friends.
  96. ^ Benedetti 1997.
  97. ^ Chekhov, Anton. "Lady with lapdog". Short Stories.
  98. ^ Rosamund, Bartlett (2 February 2010). "The House That Chekhov Built". London Evening Standard. p. 31.
  99. ^ Greenberg, Yael. "The Presentation of the Unconscious in Chekhov's Lady With Lapdog." Modern Language Review 86.1 (1991): 126–130. Academic Search Premier. Web. 3 November 2011.
  100. ^ "Overview: 'The Lady with the Dog'." Characters in 20th-Century Literature. Laurie Lanzen Harris. Detroit: Gale Research, 1990. Literature Resource Center. Web. 3 November 2011.
  101. ^ Letter to sister Masha, 28 June 1904. Letters of Anton Chekhov.
  102. ^ "Anton Chekhov | Biography, Plays, Short Stories, & Facts | Britannica". 27 October 2023.
  103. ^ Malcolm 2004, p. 62.
  104. ^ Olga Knipper, Memoir, in Benedetti 1997, p. 284
  105. ^ "Banality revenged itself upon him by a nasty prank, for it saw that his corpse, the corpse of a poet, was put into a railway truck 'For the Conveyance of Oysters'." Maxim Gorky in Reminiscences of Anton Chekhov.. Retrieved 16 February 2007.
  106. ^ Chekhov's Funeral. M. Marcus.The Antioch Review, 1995
  107. ^ Malcolm 2004, p. 91; Alexander Kuprin in Reminiscences of Anton Chekhov. Retrieved 16 February 2007.
  108. ^ "Novodevichy Cemetery". Passport Magazine. April 2008. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  109. ^ Payne 1991, p. XXXVI.
  110. ^ Simmons 1970, p. 595.
  111. ^ Peter Kropotkin (1 January 1905). "The Constitutional Movement in Russia". revoltlib.com. The Nineteenth Century. Archived from the original on 3 November 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
  112. ^ Raymond Tallis (3 September 2014). In Defence of Wonder and Other Philosophical Reflections. Routledge. ISBN 9781317547402.
  113. ^ Edmund Wilson (1940). "To The Finland Station". archive.org. Doubleday. When Vladimir finished reading this story, he was seized with such a horror that he could not bear to stay in his room. He went out to find someone to talk to, but it was late: they had all gone to bed. 'I absolutely had the feeling,' he told his sister next day,'that I was shut up in Ward 6 myself!'
  114. ^ Meister, Charles W. (1953). "Chekhov's Reception in England and America". American Slavic and East European Review. 12 (1): 109–121. doi:10.2307/3004259. JSTOR 3004259.
  115. ^ William H. New (1999). Reading Mansfield and Metaphors of Reform. McGill-Queen's Press. pp. 15–17. ISBN 978-0-7735-1791-2.
  116. ^ Wood 2000, p. 77.
  117. ^ Allen 2002, p. 88.
  118. ^ "They won't allow a play which is seen to lament the lost estates of the gentry." Letter of Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, quoted by Anatoly Smeliansky in "Chekhov at the Moscow Art Theatre", from The Cambridge Companion to Chekhov, 31–32.
  119. ^ "The plays lack the seamless authority of the fiction: there are great characters, wonderful scenes, tremendous passages, moments of acute melancholy and sagacity, but the parts appear greater than the whole." A Chekhov Lexicon, by William Boyd, The Guardian, 3 July 2004. Retrieved 16 February 2007.
  120. ^ Bartlett, "From Russia, with Love", The Guardian, 15 July 2004. Retrieved 17 February 2007.
  121. ^ Anna Obraztsova in "Bernard Shaw's Dialogue with Chekhov", from Miles, 43–44.
  122. ^ Letter from Ernest Hemingway to Archibald MacLeish, 1925 (from Selected Letters, p. 179), in Ernest Hemingway on Writing, Ed Larry W. Phillips, Touchstone, (1984) 1999, ISBN 978-0-684-18119-6, 101.
  123. ^ Wood 2000, p. 82.
  124. ^ Wikiquote quotes about Chekhov
  125. ^ Karlinsky, Simon (13 June 2008). "Nabokov and Chekhov: Affinities, parallels, structures". Cycno. 10 (1 NABOKOV : Autobiography, Biography and Fiction). Retrieved 10 September 2018.
  126. ^ From Vladimir Nabokov's Lectures on Russian Literature, quoted by Francine Prose in Learning from Chekhov, 231.
  127. ^ "For the first time in literature the fluidity and randomness of life was made the form of the fiction. Before Chekhov, the event-plot drove all fictions." William Boyd, referring to the novelist William Gerhardie's analysis in Anton Chekhov: A Critical Study, 1923. "A Chekhov Lexicon" by William Boyd, The Guardian, 3 July 2004. Retrieved 16 February 2007.
  128. ^ Woolf, Virginia, The Common Reader: First Series, Annotated Edition, Harvest/HBJ Book, 2002, ISBN 0-15-602778-X, 172.
  129. ^ Michael Goldman, The Actor's Freedom: Towards a Theory of Drama, p72.
  130. ^ Reynolds, Elizabeth (ed), Stanislavski's Legacy, Theatre Arts Books, 1987, ISBN 978-0-87830-127-0, 81, 83.
  131. ^ "It was Chekhov who first deliberately wrote dialogue in which the mainstream of emotional action ran underneath the surface. It was he who articulated the notion that human beings hardly ever speak in explicit terms among each other about their deepest emotions, that the great, tragic, climactic moments are often happening beneath outwardly trivial conversation." Martin Esslin, from Text and Subtext in Shavian Drama, in 1922: Shaw and the last Hundred Years, ed. Bernard. F. Dukore, Penn State Press, 1994, ISBN 978-0-271-01324-4, 200.
  132. ^ Tovstonogov, Georgii (1968). "Chekhov's "Three Sisters" at the Gorky Theatre". The Drama Review. 13 (2). JSTOR: 146–155. doi:10.2307/1144419. ISSN 0012-5962. JSTOR 1144419. Lee Strasberg became in my opinion a victim of the traditional idea of Chekhovian theatre ... [he left] no room for Chekhov's imagery.
  133. ^ Sekirin, Peter (2011). Memories of Chekhov: Accounts of the Writer from His Family, Friends and Contemporaries. Foreword by Alan Twigg. Jefferson, NC: MacFarland Publishers. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-7864-5871-4.
  134. ^ Rimer, J. (2001). Japanese Theatre and the International Stage. Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. pp. 299–311. ISBN 978-90-04-12011-2.
  135. ^ a b Clayton, J. Douglas (2013). Adapting Chekhov: The Text and Its Mutations. Routledge. pp. 269–270. ISBN 978-0-415-50969-5.
  136. ^ "Chekhov Ki Duniya". nettv4u.
  137. ^ Diken, Bülent (1 September 2017). "Money, Religion, and Symbolic Exchange in Winter Sleep". Religion and Society. 8 (1): 94–108. doi:10.3167/arrs.2017.080106. ISSN 2150-9301.

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