Alma’s Pregnancy
When Leopold and Alma get intimate with each other, they hope for a better future. Satirically, things take a drastic turn after Alma gets pregnant. The pregnancy that is intended to bring joy now brings sadness. Alma is sent to the USA by her parents to avoid being a victim of the Nazis' brutal killings. Therefore, Leopold is separated from the love of his life by unavoidable circumstances.
The irony of sexual relationships
Alma and Leopold are lovers for ten years before unavoidable situations separate them. Before Alma leaves for the USA, she carries Leopold's pregnancy. Ironically, Alma gets remarried to another while in the USA while Leopold remains faithful to her waiting for the day they reunite. Later, Leopold relocates to the USA to look for Alma. When Leopold lastly meets Alma, he is treated with a rude shock to learn that she got married long ago to another man.
The iron of true love
The reader asks a question, "Is true love a scam?" Indeed, as demonstrated by Krauss, true love is unrealistic in some situations. Alma confesses her love for Leopold, and she gets pregnant for him. However, after separation, Alma gets intimate with her manager in the USA, and she gets pregnant with him. Therefore, Alma's love for Leopold is unrealistic because she can easily fall in love with other men.
The irony of Leopold’s obsession
Leopold learns that Alma and his son are dead, but he wonders if his son ever knew anything about him. Leopold becomes obsessed with his son's death, but he did not succeed in meeting him and revealed that he was the biological father while he was alive. The reader finds it sardonic that Leopold is becoming depressed now when his son is no more. A father should be responsible and look for his biological children while they are alive. However, Leopold failed to unite with his son while he was alive.
The irony of Zvi Litvinoff
Litvinoff steals Leopold's book idea called 'The History of Love' and publishing the book. Leopold is not aware that his best friend has stolen his idea and published a book all this long. Satirically, Litvinoff dies before enjoying the fruits of his published book! Therefore, the reader learns that it is vital only to celebrate the fruits of our hard work, but not stolen ideas.
