Physics: Principles with Applications (7th Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32162-592-7
ISBN 13: 978-0-32162-592-2

Chapter 27 - Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom - General Problems - Page 801: 76

Answer

a) $51.3\;\rm V$ b) $8.68\times10^4 \;\rm V$

Work Step by Step

a) According to de Broglie, the momentum of a particle is given by $$p=\dfrac{h}{\lambda}$$ and we know that the momentum is given by $p=mv$; $$mv=\dfrac{h}{\lambda}\tag 1$$ Now its final speed is $$ v =\dfrac{h}{\lambda m } \tag 2$$ And we know that kinetic energy is given by $$KE=eV=\frac{1}{2}mv^2$$ and hence, $$V=\dfrac{KE}{e}=\dfrac{mv^2}{2e} \tag A$$ $$V =\dfrac{m}{2e} \;v^2 $$ Plugging from (2); $$V =\dfrac{m}{2e} \;\left(\dfrac{h}{\lambda m }\right)^2 $$ Therefore, the potential difference is given by $$V = \dfrac{h^2}{2e\lambda^2 m } \tag 3$$ Plugging the known for the proton case; $$V = \dfrac{(6.626\times 10^{-34})^2}{2\times (1.6\times10^{-19})(4\times10^{-12})^2 (1.67\times 10^{-27}) } $$ $$V =\color{red}{\bf 51.3}\;\rm V$$ ----------- b) In the electron case, if we used (2) to find its velocity, we will see that it is about $$v=\dfrac{h}{\lambda m_e}=\dfrac{6.626\times 10^{-34}}{4\times 10^{-12}\times9.11\times 10^{-31}}$$ $$v=1.8\times10^8\;\rm m/s\approx 0.61c$$ which is 61$\%$ speed of light, so we can not use the same equations above since its speed is that way. Now we need to find its energy $$E=\sqrt{(pc)^2+(m_ec^2)^2}$$ Recall that $$E=KE+m_ec^2$$ and hence, $$KE=E-m_ec^2$$ Thus, $$KE=\sqrt{(pc)^2+(m_ec^2)^2}-m_ec^2$$ Plugging that into (A) above; $$V=\dfrac{\sqrt{(pc)^2+(m_ec^2)^2}-m_ec^2}{e}$$ $$V=\dfrac{\sqrt{(pc)^2+(m_ec^2)^2}-m_ec^2}{e}$$ Plugging from (1); $$V=\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{hc}{\lambda}\right)^2+(m_ec^2)^2}-m_ec^2}{e}$$ Plugging the known; $$V=\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{6.626\times 10^{-34}\times3\times10^8}{4\times10^{-12}}\right)^2+(9.11\times10^{-31}\times [3\times10^8]^2)^2}- 9.11\times10^{-31}\times [3\times10^8]^2}{1.6\times10^{-19}}$$ $$V=86779.2 \;\rm V=\color{red}{\bf 8.68\times10^4 }\;\rm V$$
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