Physics: Principles with Applications (7th Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32162-592-7
ISBN 13: 978-0-32162-592-2

Chapter 26 - The Special Theory of Relativity - General Problems - Page 770: 81

Answer

$8.04\times 10^{-8}\;\rm s$

Work Step by Step

The time the plane would take as seen by a stationary observer on Earth is given by $$v=\dfrac{2\pi R_E}{\Delta t_E}$$ where $v$ is the plane's speed, $R_E$ is the Earth's radius on the equator, and $\Delta t_E$ is the measured time by Earth's observer. Thus, $$\Delta t_E=\dfrac{2\pi R_E}{v}\tag 1$$ And the time measured on the plane is given by $$\Delta t_{plane}=\dfrac{\Delta t_E}{\gamma}=\Delta t_E\sqrt{1-\dfrac{v^2}{c^2}}$$ Using the binomial expansion as the author told us. Since $\dfrac{v^2}{c^2}\lt \lt 1$, so $$\sqrt{1-\frac{v_{\rm equator }^2}{c^2}}=1+\frac{1}{2}\dfrac{v^2}{c^2}$$ Thus, $$\Delta t_{plane} =\Delta t_E\left[1+ \dfrac{v^2}{2c^2}\right]$$ Plugging from (1); $$\Delta t_{plane} =\dfrac{2\pi R_E}{v}\left[1+ \dfrac{v^2}{2c^2}\right]$$ $$\Delta t_{plane} =\dfrac{2\pi R_E}{v}\left[1+ \dfrac{v^2}{2c^2}\right]\tag 2$$ So that the time difference between the two frames is given by $$\Delta t=(\Delta t_E-\Delta t_{plane})$$ Plugging from (1) and (2); $$\Delta t=\dfrac{2\pi R_E}{v}- \left(\dfrac{2\pi R_E}{v}\left[1+ \dfrac{v^2}{2c^2}\right]\right)$$ $$\Delta t=\bigg|\dfrac{2\pi R_E}{v}\left(1- \left[1+ \dfrac{v^2}{2c^2}\right]\right)\bigg|$$ $$\Delta t=\dfrac{2\pi R_E}{v}\left( \dfrac{v^2}{2c^2} \right)$$ $$\Delta t= 2\pi R_E \left( \dfrac{v }{2c^2} \right)$$ Plugging the known, and remember to convert the speed of the plane to SI units. $$\Delta t= 2\pi \times 6.38\times10^6\left( \dfrac{\frac{ 1300\times 1000}{60^2} }{2(3\times10^8)^2} \right)$$ $$\Delta t= \color{red}{\bf 8.04\times 10^{-8}}\;\rm s$$
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