Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 9 - Impulse and Momentum - Exercises and Problems - Page 243: 51

Answer

$\approx 8.8\;\rm m/s$

Work Step by Step

We chose east to be the positive $x$-direction and north to be the positive $y$-direction and the impact point is the origin. This means that the final velocity is making an angle of 35$^\circ$ with the positive $x$-direction (counterclockwise). Now we need to write the velocity of the cars into the components form. The Cadillac car; $$v_{iC}=(0\;\hat i+3\;\hat j)\;\rm m/s\tag 1$$ The Volkswagen car; $$v_{iV}=(v_{ix,V}\;\hat i+0\;\hat j)\;\rm m/s\tag 2$$ The momentum is conserved just before and after the collision. Thus, $$p_i=p_f$$ Hence, $$m_Cv_{iC}+m_Vv_{iV}=(m_C +m_V)v_f$$ Plugging from (1) and (2); $$m_C(0\;\hat i+3\;\hat j)+m_V(v_{ix,V}\;\hat i+0\;\hat j)=(m_C +m_V)(v_{f}\cos\theta\; \hat i+v_{f}\sin\theta\;\hat j)$$ Thus, $$3m_C\;\hat j +v_{ix,V} m_V \;\hat i =(m_C +m_V)(v_{f}\cos\theta\; \hat i+v_{f}\sin\theta\;\hat j)$$ Plugging the known; $$3\times 2000\;\hat j +1000v_{ix,V} \;\hat i =(2000+1000)(v_{f}\cos\theta\; \hat i+v_{f}\sin\theta\;\hat j)$$ $$6000\;\hat j +1000v_{ix,V} \;\hat i =3000 v_{f}\cos\theta\; \hat i+3000 v_{f}\sin\theta\;\hat j $$ For $x$-direction; $$1000v_{ix,V} \;\hat i =3000 v_{f}\cos\theta\; \hat i$$ $$ v_{ix,V} =3 v_{f}\cos35^\circ\tag 3$$ For $y$-direction; $$6000\;\hat j =3000 v_{f}\sin\theta\;\hat j $$ $$2 = v_{f}\sin35^\circ $$ Thus, $$v_f=\dfrac{2}{\sin35^\circ } $$ Plugging into (3); $$ v_{ix,V} =3 \cos35^\circ\dfrac{2}{\sin35^\circ } =\color{red}{\bf 8.57}\;\rm m/s $$ Therefore, the initial speed of the Volkswagen car was 8.6 m/s eastward.
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