Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 42 - Nuclear Physics - Exercises and Problems - Page 1275: 51

Answer

${\bf 1.19}\;\rm h$

Work Step by Step

We have a sample containing two types of radioactive atoms, $ A $ and $ B $. Initially: There are five times as many $ A $ atoms as $ B $ atoms. $$ (N_A)_0 = 5 (N_B)_0\tag 1 $$ After two hours, the number of $ A $ and $ B $ atoms become equal. $$ N_A = N_B\tag 2 $$ And we are given that the half-life of $ A $ is 0.50 hours. After $ t = 2 $ hours, the number of remaining atoms of $ A $ and $ B $is given by $$ N_A = (N_A)_0 \left( \frac{1}{2} \right)^{t/(t_{1/2})_A} $$ $$ N_B = (N_B)_0 \left( \frac{1}{2} \right)^{t/(t_{1/2})_B} $$ From (2), these two equations are equal. Thus, $$ (N_A)_0 \left( \frac{1}{2} \right)^{t/(t_{1/2})_A} = (N_B)_0 \left( \frac{1}{2} \right)^{t/(t_{1/2})_B} $$ Plug from (1); $$ 5 (\color{red}{\bf\not} N_B)_0 \left( \frac{1}{2} \right)^{t/(t_{1/2})_A} = (\color{red}{\bf\not} N_B)_0 \left( \frac{1}{2} \right)^{t/(t_{1/2})_B} $$ After two hours, $t=2$ h, where $(t_{1/2})_A=0.5$ h $$ 5 \left( \frac{1}{2} \right)^{2/0.5} = \left( \frac{1}{2} \right)^{2/(t_{1/2})_B} $$ $$ \frac{5}{16}= \left( \frac{1}{2} \right)^{2/(t_{1/2})_B} $$ Take the Natural Logarithm of Both Sides: $$ \ln\left(\frac{5}{16}\right) = \frac{2.0}{(t_{1/2})_B} \ln\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) $$ Solve for $ t_{1/2}(B) $; $$ (t_{1/2})_B = \frac{2.0}{ \ln\left(\frac{5}{16}\right) } \ln\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) $$ $$ (t_{1/2})_B =\color{red}{\bf 1.19}\;\rm h $$
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