Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 38 - Quantization - Exercises and Problems - Page 1153: 35

Answer

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Work Step by Step

We know that an ion with a single electron orbiting $Z$ protons in the nucleus is called a hydrogen-like ion, where $Z$ is the number of protons in the nucleus. Hence, $\rm He^+$, with one electron circling a $Z = 2$ nucleus is a hydrogen-like ion. And since any hydrogen-like ion is simply a variation on the Bohr hydrogen atom, we can use the following formulas. To find the radius of the electron’s orbit, $$r_n=\dfrac{n^2a_B}{Z}\tag 1$$ To find the electron’s speed, $$v_n=Z\dfrac{v_1}{n}\tag 2$$ And to find the energy of the atom, $$E_n= \dfrac{- 13.6Z^2}{n^2} \tag 3$$ For the first three stationary states; where $n=1,2,3$ The radius of the electron’s orbit at $n=1$, using (1); $$r_1=\dfrac{(1^2) (0.053)}{2} =\color{red}{\bf 0.0265 }\;\rm nm$$ The radius of the electron’s orbit at $n=2$; $$r_2=\dfrac{(2^2) (0.053)}{2} =\color{red}{\bf 0.106}\;\rm nm$$ The radius of the electron’s orbit at $n=3$; $$r_3=\dfrac{(3^2) (0.053)}{2} =\color{red}{\bf 0.2385}\;\rm nm$$ The electron’s speed at $n=1$, using (2); $$v_1=(2)\dfrac{(2.19\times 10^6)}{(1)} =\color{red}{\bf 4.38\times 10^6}\;\rm m/s$$ The electron’s speed at $n=2$; $$v_2=(2)\dfrac{(2.19\times 10^6)}{(2)} =\color{red}{\bf 2.19\times 10^6}\;\rm m/s$$ The electron’s speed at $n=3$; $$v_3=(2)\dfrac{(2.19\times 10^6)}{(3)} =\color{red}{\bf 1.46\times 10^6}\;\rm m/s$$ The energy of the atom at $n=1$, using (3); $$E_1= \dfrac{- 13.6(2)^2}{(1)^2} =\color{red}{\bf -54.4}\;\rm eV $$ The energy of the atom at $n=2$, $$E_2= \dfrac{- 13.6(2)^2}{(2)^2} =\color{red}{\bf -13.6}\;\rm eV $$ The energy of the atom at $n=3$, $$E_3= \dfrac{- 13.6(2)^2}{(3)^2} =\color{red}{\bf -6.04}\;\rm eV $$
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