Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 35 - AC Circuits - Exercises and Problems - Page 1055: 67

Answer

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Work Step by Step

$$\color{blue}{\bf [a]}$$ We know that the average power for an $RLC$ circuit is given by $$P_{\rm source}=I_{\rm rms}\varepsilon_{\rm rms}\cos\phi$$ where $\cos\phi$ is the power factor. So, the current leaving the station is given by $$I_{\rm rms}=\dfrac{P_{\rm source}}{\varepsilon_{\rm rms}\cos\phi}$$ Plug the given; $$I_{\rm rms}=\dfrac{(6\times 10^6)}{(15,000)(0.90)}$$ $$I_{\rm rms}=\color{red}{\bf 444}\;\rm A$$ $$\color{blue}{\bf [b]}$$ When the power factor equals 1, it means that $\cos\phi=1\Rightarrow \phi=0^\circ$. Recalling that $$\tan\phi=\dfrac{X_L-X_C}{R}$$ So, $$\tan0^\circ=\dfrac{X_L-X_C}{R}=0$$ Thus, $$X_L=X_C\tag 1$$ Now we need to find the initial $\phi$, $$\phi=\cos^{-1}(0.833)=\bf 25.842^\circ $$ So, from the geometry of the figure below, $\sin\phi=\dfrac{X_L-X_C}{Z}$, Hence, $$\sin\phi=\dfrac{X_L-X_C}{Z} $$ where $Z=\varepsilon_{\rm rms}/I_{\rm rms}$ $$\sin\phi=\dfrac{(X_L-X_C)I_{\rm rms}}{\varepsilon_{\rm rms}} $$ Thus, $$X_L-X_C= \dfrac{\varepsilon_{\rm rms} \sin\phi}{I_{\rm rms}}$$ Plug the known; $$X_L-X_C= \dfrac{(15000)\sin(25.842^\circ)}{(444.44)}=14.7$$ Therefore, $$X_L=X_C+14.7\tag 2$$ From (1) and (2), it is obvious that we need to increase the capacitive reactance by 14.7 $\Omega$. So, $$X_C=\dfrac{1}{2\pi f C}=14.7$$ $$C=\dfrac{1}{2\pi (60) (14.7)}=\color{red}{\bf 180}\;\rm \mu F$$ $$\color{blue}{\bf [c]}$$ The power delivered by the station is then given by $$P_{\rm source}'=\dfrac{\varepsilon_{\rm rms}^2}{R}$$ where, from (2), $ \tan(25.842^\circ)=\dfrac{X_L-X_C}{R}=\dfrac{14.7}{R}$, so $R=\dfrac{14.7}{ \tan(25.842^\circ)}$ $$P_{\rm source}'=\dfrac{\varepsilon_{\rm rms}^2\tan(25.842^\circ)}{(14.7)}=\dfrac{(15000)^2\tan(25.842^\circ)}{(14.7)}$$ $$P_{\rm source}'=\color{red}{\bf 7.41}\;\rm MW$$
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