Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 18 - The Micro/Macro Connection - Exercises and Problems - Page 524: 57

Answer

a) $4$ b) $1$ c) $16$

Work Step by Step

a) We know that the rms speed is given by $$v_{\rm rms}=\sqrt{\dfrac{k_BT}{M}}$$ Hence, $$\dfrac{(v_{\rm rms})_{H_2}}{(v_{\rm rms})_{O_2}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{\dfrac{k_BT_{H_2}}{M_{H_2}}}}{\sqrt{\dfrac{k_BT_{O_2}}{M_{O_2}}}}$$ We know that the mixture will have one final temperature after a long time. So, $T_{H_2}=T_{O_2}$; $$\dfrac{(v_{\rm rms})_{H_2}}{(v_{\rm rms})_{O_2}}= \sqrt{\dfrac{M_{O_2}}{M_{H_2}}}= \sqrt{\dfrac{2M_{O}}{2M_{H}}}$$ Plugging the known; $$\dfrac{(v_{\rm rms})_{H_2}}{(v_{\rm rms})_{O_2}}= \sqrt{\dfrac{2(16\;\rm u)}{2(1\;\rm u)}}$$ $$\dfrac{(v_{\rm rms})_{H_2}}{(v_{\rm rms})_{O_2}}=\color{red}{\bf 4}$$ _____________________________________________________ b) We know that the average kinetic energy of a molecule is given by $$K=\frac{3}{2}k_BT$$ Hence, $$\dfrac{K_{H_2}}{K_{O_2}}=\dfrac{\frac{3}{2}k_BT_{H_2}}{\frac{3}{2}k_BT_{O_2}}$$ and since the two temperatures are equal, $$\dfrac{K_{H_2}}{K_{O_2}}=\color{red}{\bf1}$$ _____________________________________________________ c) We know that the thermal energy of an ideal diatomic gas is given by $$E_{th}=\frac{5}{2}nRT$$ And we know that the number of moles is given by $$n=\dfrac{m}{M}$$ where $m$ is the mass of the sample and $M$ is the atomic mass of the gas molecule or atom. Hence, $$E_{th}=\frac{5}{2}\dfrac{m}{M}RT$$ Thus, $$\dfrac{(E_{th})_{H_2}}{(E_{th})_{O_2}}= \dfrac{\frac{5}{2}\dfrac{m_{H_2}}{M_{H_2}}RT_{H_2}}{\frac{5}{2}\dfrac{m_{O_2}}{M_{O_2}}RT_{O_2}}$$ We know that $T_{H_2}=T_{O_2}$, and that $m_{H_2}=_{O_2}$, $$\dfrac{(E_{th})_{H_2}}{(E_{th})_{O_2}}= \dfrac{M_{O_2}}{M_{H_2}}= \dfrac{2M_{O}}{2M_{H}}$$ Plugging the known; $$\dfrac{(E_{th})_{H_2}}{(E_{th})_{O_2}} = \dfrac{2(16\;\rm u)}{2(1\;\rm u)} $$ $$\dfrac{(E_{th})_{H_2}}{(E_{th})_{O_2}} =\color{red}{\bf16}$$
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