Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 18 - The Micro/Macro Connection - Exercises and Problems - Page 524: 41

Answer

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Work Step by Step

a) We know, from ideal gas law, that $$PV=Nk_BT$$ Hence, $$P=\dfrac{N}{V}k_BT$$ Plugging the known; $$P=\left(\dfrac{1}{1\times 10^{-6}}\right)(1.38\times 10^{-23})(3)$$ $$P=\color{red}{\bf 4.14 \times 10^{-17}}\;\rm Pa=\color{red}{\bf 4.1\times 10^{-22}}\;\rm atm$$ __________________________________________________________ b) We know that the rms speed is given by $$v_{\rm rms}=\sqrt{\dfrac{3k_BT}{m_H}}$$ Plugging the known; $$v_{\rm rms}=\sqrt{\dfrac{3(1.38\times 10^{-23})(3)}{1\times 1.661\times 10^{-27}}}=\color{red}{\bf 273}\;\rm m/s$$ __________________________________________________________ c) We know that the thermal energy of monatomic hydrogen atoms at low temperatures if given by $$E_{th}=\frac{3}{2}nRT$$ where $n$ is given by the ideal gas law of $PV=nRT$, so $n=PV/RT$ $$E_{th}=\frac{3}{2}\dfrac{PV}{ \color{red}{\bf\not} R \color{red}{\bf\not} T} \color{red}{\bf\not} R \color{red}{\bf\not} T$$ $$E_{th}=1.5 P(L^3)$$ Solving for $L$; $$L=\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{E_{th}}{1.5P}}$$ Plugging the known; $$L=\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{(1)}{1.5(4.14 \times 10^{-17})}}$$ $$L=\color{red}{\bf 2.52\times 10^{25}}\;\rm m$$ which is greater than the radius of our Milky Way Galaxy by more than 50,000 times!
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