Physics (10th Edition)

Published by Wiley
ISBN 10: 1118486897
ISBN 13: 978-1-11848-689-4

Chapter 7 - Impulse and Momentum - Problems - Page 193: 35

Answer

The target flies off with $7.4\%$ of the projectile's initial kinetic energy.

Work Step by Step

The projectile, whose mass $m=0.2kg$, is fired at initial velocity $v$ and embeds into the target, whose mass is $M=2.5kg$ and who has initial velocity $V=0$. After that, the system has mass $M+m=2.7kg$ and velocity $V_f$. According to the principle of conservation of total linear momentum, $$MV+mv=(M+m)V_f$$ $$0+mv=(M+m)V_f$$ $$V_f=\frac{m}{M+m}v=0.074v$$ We have $$\frac{KE_f}{KE_{projectile}}=\frac{\frac{1}{2}(M+m)V_f^2}{\frac{1}{2}mv^2}=\frac{(M+m)V_f^2}{mv^2}=\frac{2.7}{0.2}\times\frac{5.48\times10^{-3}v^2}{v^2}=7.4\times10^{-2}$$ So the percentage of the system's final kinetic energy compared with the projectile's initial kinetic energy is $7.4\%$
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