Fundamentals of Physics Extended (10th Edition)

Published by Wiley
ISBN 10: 1-11823-072-8
ISBN 13: 978-1-11823-072-5

Chapter 4 - Motion in Two and Three Dimensions - Problems - Page 85: 30

Answer

$| \vec{v_{avg}}|=5.8$ m/s.

Work Step by Step

If $\vec{v}_{0}$ is expressed as a magnitude (the speed $v_{0}$) and an angle $\theta_{0}$ (measured from the horizontal), the particle's equations of motion along the horizontal $x$ axis and vertical $y$ axis are $\left[\begin{array}{ll} x-x_{0}=(v_{0}\cos\theta_{0})t & (4- 21)\\ y-y_{0}=(v_{0}\sin\theta_{0})t-\frac{1}{2}gt^{2} & (4- 22)\\ v_{y}=v_{0}\sin\theta_{0}-gt & (4- 23)\\ v_{y}^{2}=(v_{0}\sin\theta_{0})^{2}-2g(y-y_{0}) & (4- 24) \end{array}\right]$ The initial velocity components are $\left\{\begin{array}{l} v_{0x}=v_{0}\cos\theta_{0}\\ v_{0y}=v_{0}\sin\theta_{0} \end{array}\right.$ --- $\Delta y$=0 because both the initial and final heights are 0.\ We find the time of flight from 4-22. $\displaystyle \Delta y=0=(v_{0}\sin\theta_{0})t-\frac{1}{2}gt^{2}$ $t=\displaystyle \frac{2v_{0}\sin\theta_{0}}{g}$ $t=\displaystyle \frac{2(19.5\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s})\sin 45.0^{\mathrm{o}}}{(9.80\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}^{2})}=2.81s$ In this time, the horizontal distance covered is given by 4-21 $x-x_{0}=(v_{0}\cos\theta_{0})t=(19.5\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s})\cos 45.0^{\mathrm{o}}(2.81s)=38.7$ m This is in direction to to the player, (our +x direction) The player needs to make a displacement of $\Delta\vec{r}=(38.7m-55m)\hat{i}=(-16.3m)\hat{i}$ during $\Delta t=2.81s,$ So his average velocity is $\displaystyle \vec{v_{avg}}=\frac{\Delta\vec{r}}{\Delta t}=\frac{(-16.3m)\hat{i}}{2.81s}=(-5.80m/s)\hat{i}$ and his average speed is $| \vec{v_{avg}}|=5.80$ m/s.
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