Fundamentals of Physics Extended (10th Edition)

Published by Wiley
ISBN 10: 1-11823-072-8
ISBN 13: 978-1-11823-072-5

Chapter 22 - Electric Fields - Questions - Page 651: 7b

Answer

We can rank the orientations according to the magnitude of the torque on the electric dipole: $(3) \gt (1) = (4) \gt (2)$

Work Step by Step

In the Review & Summary on page 651, the text states: "This potential energy is defined to be zero when $p$ is perpendicular to $E$; it is least ($U = -pE$ ) when $p$ is aligned with $E$ and greatest ($U = pE$) when $p$ is directed opposite $E$." $\tau = p \times E = p~E~sin~\phi,$ where $\phi$ is the angle between the directions of $p$ and $E$ The magnitude of the torque is larger the closer $\phi$ is to $90^{\circ}$, which means that the magnitude of the potential energy is closer to zero. We can rank the orientations according to the magnitude of the torque on the electric dipole: $(3) \gt (1) = (4) \gt (2)$
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