Answer
a. 0.50 M $HNO_3$ solution.
b. 0.75 M $NaF$ solution.
c. 2.0% (m/v) $KBr$ solution.
d. 10.% (m/v) $HC_2H_3O_2$ solution.
Work Step by Step
1. Write the dilution expression, and solve for the final concentration $(C_2)$
$C_1V_1 = C_2V_2$
$$\frac{C_1V_1}{V_2} = C_2$$
a.
2. Substitute the values and calculate the final concentration:
$$C_2 = \frac{(1.0 \space L)(4.0 \space M)}{8.0 \space L}$$
$$C_2 = 0.50 \space M$$
b.
2. Substitute the values and calculate the final concentration:
$$C_2 = \frac{(0.25 \space L)(6.0 \space M)}{2.0 \space L}$$
$$C_2 = 0.75 \space M$$
c.
2. Substitute the values and calculate the final concentration:
$$C_2 = \frac{(50.0 \space mL)(8.0 \space \% (m/v))}{200.0 \space mL}$$
$$C_2 = 2.0 \space \% (m/v)$$
d.
2. Substitute the values and calculate the final concentration:
$$C_2 = \frac{(5.0 \space mL)(50.0 \space \% (m/v))}{25 \space mL}$$
$$C_2 = 10. \space \% (m/v)$$
