Answer
See the explanation
Work Step by Step
To determine the values requested, we can use the relationship between electron affinity, ionization energy, and the formation of ions.
a. The electron affinity of \( \mathrm{Mg}^{2+} \) is \( -230 \mathrm{~kJ/mol} \). This is because when an electron is added to \( \mathrm{Mg}^{2+} \) to form \( \mathrm{Mg}^{+} \), \( 230 \mathrm{~kJ/mol} \) of energy is released.
b. The ionization energy of \( \mathrm{Cl}^{-} \) is the energy required to remove an electron from \( \mathrm{Cl}^{-} \) to form \( \mathrm{Cl} \). This value can be determined using the electron affinity of \( \mathrm{Cl} \), which is \( -349 \mathrm{~kJ/mol} \), and the electron affinity of \( \mathrm{Cl}^{-} \), which is the negative of the electron affinity of \( \mathrm{Cl} \). Therefore, the ionization energy of \( \mathrm{Cl}^{-} \) is \( 349 \mathrm{~kJ/mol} \).
c. The electron affinity of \( \mathrm{Cl}^{+} \) can be determined using the electron affinity of \( \mathrm{Cl} \), which is \( -349 \mathrm{~kJ/mol} \), and the ionization energy of \( \mathrm{Cl} \), which is the energy required to remove an electron from \( \mathrm{Cl} \) to form \( \mathrm{Cl}^{+} \). Therefore, the electron affinity of \( \mathrm{Cl}^{+} \) is \( -349 \mathrm{~kJ/mol} \).
d. The ionization energy of \( \mathrm{Mg}^{-} \) is the energy required to remove an electron from \( \mathrm{Mg}^{-} \) to form \( \mathrm{Mg} \). This value can be determined using the electron affinity of \( \mathrm{Mg} \), which is \( 230 \mathrm{~kJ/mol} \), and the electron affinity of \( \mathrm{Mg}^{-} \), which is the negative of the electron affinity of \( \mathrm{Mg} \). Therefore, the ionization energy of \( \mathrm{Mg}^{-} \) is \( 230 \mathrm{~kJ/mol} \).
