Answer
Please see the work below.
Work Step by Step
When a positive ion or cation is formed electrons are removed from the valence shell of the parent atom.
When a negative ion or anion is formed electrons are added from the valence shell of the parent atom.
The charge on the ions is equal to the number of electrons removed or added.
a)Sodium, Na - Atomic number =11
Electronic configuration - $[Ne] 3s^{1}$.
By the removal of 1 electron from Na, $Na^{+}$ is formed.
Therefore, the ground state electronic configuration of $Na^{+}$ is $[Ne]$.
b)Magnesium, Mg - Atomic number =12
Electronic configuration - $[Ne] 3s^{2}$.
By the removal of 2 electrons from Mg, $Mg^{+2}$ is formed.
Therefore, the ground state electronic configuration of $Mg^{+2}$ is $[Ne]$.
c) Chlorine, Cl – atomic number – 17.
Electronic configuration - $[Ne] 3s^{2}3p^{5}$.
By the addition of 1 electron to Cl, $Cl^{-}$ is formed.
Therefore, the ground state electronic configuration of $Cl^{-}$ is $[Ne] 3s^{2}3p^{6}$ or $[Ar]$ .
d) Potassium, K – atomic number – 19.
Electronic configuration -- $[Ar]4s^{1}$.
By the removal of 1 electron to K, $K^{+}$ is formed.
Therefore, the ground state electronic configuration of $K^{+}$ is $[Ar]$.
e) Calcium, Ca – atomic number – 20.
Electronic configuration - $[Ar]4s^{2}$.
By the removal of 2 electrons to $Ca^{+2}$ is formed.
Therefore, the ground state electronic configuration of $Ca^{+2}$ is $[Ar]$.
f) Iron, Fe – atomic number – 26.
Electronic configuration - $[Ar]3d^{6}4s^{2}$
By the removal of 2 electrons to $Fe^{+2}$ is formed.
Therefore, the ground state electronic configuration of $Fe^{+2}$ is $[Ar]$.
g) Copper, Cu – atomic number – 29.
Electronic configuration - $[Ar]3d^{10}4s^{1}$
By the removal of 2 electrons to $Cu^{+2}$ is formed.
Therefore, the ground state electronic configuration of $Cu^{+2}$ is $[Ar]3d^{9}$.
h) Zinc, Zn – atomic number – 30.
Electronic configuration - $[Ar]3d^{10}4s^{2}$
By the removal of 2 electrons to $Zn^{+2}$ is formed.
Therefore, the ground state electronic configuration of $Zn^{+2}$ is $[Ar]$.
