Answer
(a) The equilibrium will shift to the left, increasing the concentration of reactants.
(b) The equilibrium will shift to the right, increasing the concentration of products.
(c) It will not affect the concentrations.
(d) It also does not affect the concentrations.
Work Step by Step
A pressure increase at constant temperature means a decrease in volume. With less volume, we have less space for gases. Therefore, the equilibrium will shift in the direction that has the least amount of moles of gas.
Pure solids, liquids and aqueous solution have approximately constant volume, so they are not affected.
