Answer
P-value $\lt0.001$. This value is smaller than any usual $α$ used in this book ($0.1,~0.05,~0.01)$. So, we reject the null hypothesis.
There is enough evidence to conclude that a linear relation exists between year and population.
Work Step by Step
$H_0: β_1=0$ versus $H_1: β\ne0$
See the results obtained in the MINITAB in item (a).
P-value $\lt0.001$
