Thinking Mathematically (6th Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321867327
ISBN 13: 978-0-32186-732-2

Chapter 11 - Counting Methods and Probability Theory - 11.8 Expected Value - Exercise Set 11.8 - Page 755: 21

Answer

See below.

Work Step by Step

By definition, the expected value is the sum of each outcome multiplied by its probability. (The possible outcomes are $\{BB,BG,GB,GG\}$, where $G$ stands for girl and $B$ stands for boy. Hence here the expected value: $\frac{1}{4}\cdot2+\frac{2}{4}\cdot1+\frac{1}{4}\cdot0=1$. This means that if we take the average number of girls for a lot of families with two children we are expected to get a number close to $1$.
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