Discrete Mathematics with Applications 4th Edition

Published by Cengage Learning
ISBN 10: 0-49539-132-8
ISBN 13: 978-0-49539-132-6

Chapter 5 - Sequences, Mathematical Induction, and Recursion - Exercise Set 5.6 - Page 303: 26

Answer

See explanation

Work Step by Step

**Proof (by direct expansion using the Fibonacci recurrence):** Recall the Fibonacci sequence \(\{F_n\}\) is defined by \[ F_0 = 0,\quad F_1=1,\quad \text{and for }n\ge2:\; F_n = F_{n-1} + F_{n-2}. \] We want to show that for all integers \(k \ge 4\), \[ F_k \;=\; 3\,F_{k-3} \;+\; 2\,F_{k-4}. \] 1. **Start with the basic recurrence** \(F_k = F_{k-1} + F_{k-2}\). 2. **Express \(F_{k-1}\) in terms of earlier terms:** \[ F_{k-1} = F_{k-2} + F_{k-3}. \] Substitute back into \(F_k\): \[ F_k = \bigl(F_{k-2} + F_{k-3}\bigr) + F_{k-2} = 2\,F_{k-2} + F_{k-3}. \] 3. **Express \(F_{k-2}\) in terms of earlier terms:** \[ F_{k-2} = F_{k-3} + F_{k-4}. \] Substitute this into the expression for \(F_k\): \[ F_k = 2\bigl(F_{k-3} + F_{k-4}\bigr) + F_{k-3} = 2\,F_{k-3} + 2\,F_{k-4} + F_{k-3} = 3\,F_{k-3} \;+\; 2\,F_{k-4}. \] Hence, for all \(k \ge 4\), \[ \boxed{F_k = 3\,F_{k-3} \;+\; 2\,F_{k-4}.} \]
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