University Calculus: Early Transcendentals (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321999584
ISBN 13: 978-0-32199-958-0

Chapter 3 - Section 3.5 - Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions - Exercises - Page 152: 50

Answer

$$\lim_{\theta\to\pi/4}\frac{\tan\theta-1}{\theta-\frac{\pi}{4}}=2$$

Work Step by Step

$$A=\lim_{\theta\to\pi/4}\frac{\tan\theta-1}{\theta-\frac{\pi}{4}}=\lim_{\theta\to\pi/4}\frac{\tan\theta-\tan\frac{\pi}{4}}{\theta-\frac{\pi}{4}}$$ Let a function $f(x)=\tan x$. According to the definition of derivative, we have $$f'(x)=\lim_{z\to x}\frac{\tan z-\tan x}{z-x}=(\tan x)'=\sec^2 x$$ So we take $z=\theta$ and $x=\pi/4$ for the limit in this exercise, we have $$A=\lim_{\theta\to\pi/4}\frac{\tan\theta-\tan\frac{\pi}{4}}{\theta-\frac{\pi}{4}}=\sec^2\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}\Big)=\frac{1}{\cos^2\frac{\pi}{4}}$$ $$A=\frac{1}{\frac{(\sqrt2}{2})^2}=\frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}}=2$$
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