Answer
$${P_4}\left( x \right) = 2 + \frac{1}{{32}}x - \frac{3}{{4096}}{x^2} + \frac{7}{{262,144}}{x^3} - \frac{{77}}{{67,108,864}}{x^4}$$
Work Step by Step
$$\eqalign{
& f\left( x \right) = \root 4 \of {x + 16} \cr
& f\left( x \right) = {\left( {x + 16} \right)^{1/4}} \cr
& {\text{Use the definition of Taylor Polynomial of Degree }}n\,\,\,\left( {{\text{see page 629}}} \right) \cr
& {\text{Let }}f{\text{ be a function that can be differentiated }}n{\text{ times at 0}}{\text{. The Taylor }} \cr
& {\text{polynomial of degree }}n{\text{ for }}f{\text{ at 0 is }} \cr
& {P_n}\left( x \right) = f\left( 0 \right) + \frac{{{f^{\left( 1 \right)}}\left( 0 \right)}}{{1!}}x + \frac{{{f^{\left( 2 \right)}}\left( 0 \right)}}{{2!}}{x^2} + \cdots + \frac{{{f^{\left( n \right)}}\left( 0 \right)}}{{n!}}{x^n} = \sum\limits_{i = 0}^n {\frac{{{f^{\left( n \right)}}\left( 0 \right)}}{{i!}}} {x^i} \cr
& {\text{Find the Taylor polynomials of degree 4 at 0}}{\text{. }} \cr
& {\text{then }}n = 4. \cr
& {\text{The }}n{\text{ - th derivatives are}} \cr
& {f^{\left( 1 \right)}}\left( x \right) = \frac{d}{{dx}}\left[ {{{\left( {x + 16} \right)}^{1/4}}} \right] = \frac{1}{4}{\left( {x + 16} \right)^{ - 3/4}} \cr
& {f^{\left( 2 \right)}}\left( x \right) = \frac{d}{{dx}}\left[ {\frac{1}{4}{{\left( {x + 16} \right)}^{ - 3/4}}} \right] = - \frac{3}{{16}}{\left( {x + 16} \right)^{ - 7/4}} \cr
& {f^{\left( 3 \right)}}\left( x \right) = \frac{d}{{dx}}\left[ { - \frac{3}{{16}}{{\left( {x + 16} \right)}^{ - 7/4}}} \right] = \frac{{21}}{{64}}{\left( {x + 16} \right)^{ - 11/4}} \cr
& {f^{\left( 4 \right)}}\left( x \right) = \frac{d}{{dx}}\left[ {\frac{{21}}{{64}}{{\left( {x + 16} \right)}^{ - 11/4}}} \right] = - \frac{{231}}{{256}}{\left( {x + 16} \right)^{ - 15/4}} \cr
& {\text{evaluate }}f\left( 0 \right),{f^{\left( 1 \right)}}\left( 0 \right),{f^{\left( 2 \right)}}\left( 0 \right),{f^{\left( 3 \right)}}\left( 0 \right),{f^{\left( 4 \right)}}\left( 0 \right) \cr
& f\left( 0 \right) = {\left( {0 + 16} \right)^{1/4}} = 2 \cr
& {f^{\left( 1 \right)}}\left( 0 \right) = \frac{1}{4}{\left( {0 + 16} \right)^{ - 3/4}} = \frac{1}{{32}} \cr
& {f^{\left( 2 \right)}}\left( 0 \right) = - \frac{3}{{16}}{\left( {0 + 16} \right)^{ - 7/4}} = - \frac{3}{{2048}} \cr
& {f^{\left( 3 \right)}}\left( 0 \right) = \frac{{21}}{{64}}{\left( {0 + 16} \right)^{ - 11/4}} = \frac{{21}}{{131,072}} \cr
& {f^{\left( 4 \right)}}\left( 0 \right) = - \frac{{231}}{{256}}{\left( {0 + 16} \right)^{ - 15/4}} = - \frac{{231}}{{8,388,608}} \cr
& {\text{Replace the found values into the definition of Taylor Polynomial of Degree }}n \cr
& {\text{for }}n = 4 \cr
& {P_4}\left( x \right) = f\left( 0 \right) + \frac{{{f^{\left( 1 \right)}}\left( 0 \right)}}{{1!}}x + \frac{{{f^{\left( 2 \right)}}\left( 0 \right)}}{{2!}}{x^2} + \frac{{{f^{\left( 3 \right)}}\left( 0 \right)}}{{3!}}{x^3} + \frac{{{f^{\left( 4 \right)}}\left( 0 \right)}}{{4!}}{x^4} \cr
& {P_4}\left( x \right) = 2 + \frac{{1/32}}{{1!}}x + \frac{{ - 3/2048}}{{2!}}{x^2} + \frac{{21/131,072}}{{3!}}{x^3} + \frac{{ - 231/8,388,608}}{{4!}}{x^4} \cr
& {\text{simplify by using a calculator}} \cr
& {P_4}\left( x \right) = 2 + \frac{1}{{32}}x - \frac{3}{{4096}}{x^2} + \frac{7}{{262,144}}{x^3} - \frac{{77}}{{67,108,864}}{x^4} \cr} $$
