Calculus: Early Transcendentals (2nd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321947347
ISBN 13: 978-0-32194-734-5

Chapter 9 - Power Series - Review Exercises - Page 705: 47

Answer

\[\frac{1}{24}\]

Work Step by Step

\[\begin{align} & \underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\frac{{{x}^{2}}/2-1+\cos x}{{{x}^{4}}} \\ & \text{Evaluating the limit directly} \\ & \underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\frac{{{x}^{2}}/2-1+\cos x}{{{x}^{4}}}=\frac{{{0}^{2}}/2-1+\cos 0}{{{0}^{4}}}=\frac{0}{0} \\ & \text{The limit has the indeterminate form }\frac{0}{0},\text{ then we can apply} \\ & \text{the L }\!\!'\!\!\text{ Hopital }\!\!'\!\!\text{ s Rule} \\ & \text{The Mclaurin series for }\cos x\text{ is: }\left( \text{go to page 694}\text{, table 9}\text{.5} \right) \\ & \cos x=1-\frac{{{x}^{2}}}{2}+\frac{{{x}^{4}}}{24}-\frac{{{x}^{6}}}{720}+\cdots \\ & \text{Substituting into the given limit} \\ & \underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\frac{{{x}^{2}}/2-1+\cos x}{{{x}^{4}}} \\ & \underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\frac{{{x}^{2}}/2-1+\left( 1-\frac{{{x}^{2}}}{2}+\frac{{{x}^{4}}}{24}-\frac{{{x}^{6}}}{720}+\cdots \right)}{{{x}^{4}}} \\ & \text{Simplifying} \\ & \underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\frac{\frac{{{x}^{2}}}{2}-1+1-\frac{{{x}^{2}}}{2}+\frac{{{x}^{4}}}{24}-\frac{{{x}^{6}}}{720}+\cdots }{{{x}^{4}}} \\ & \underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\frac{\frac{{{x}^{4}}}{24}-\frac{{{x}^{6}}}{720}+\cdots }{{{x}^{4}}} \\ & \underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\left( \frac{1}{24}-\frac{{{x}^{2}}}{720}+\cdots \right) \\ & \text{Evaluating the limit} \\ & =\frac{1}{24}-\frac{{{\left( 0 \right)}^{2}}}{720}+\cdots \\ & =\frac{1}{24} \\ \end{align}\]
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