Calculus: Early Transcendentals (2nd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321947347
ISBN 13: 978-0-32194-734-5

Chapter 7 - Integration Techniques - 7.4 Trigonometric Substitutions - 7.4 Exercises - Page 537: 37

Answer

$$\frac{9}{{10}}{\cos ^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{5}{{3x}}} \right) - \frac{{\sqrt {9{x^2} - 25} }}{{2{x^2}}} + C$$

Work Step by Step

$$\eqalign{ & \int {\frac{{\sqrt {9{x^2} - 25} }}{{{x^3}}}dx} \cr & {\text{substitute }}x = \frac{5}{3}sec\theta ,{\text{ }}dx = \frac{5}{3}\sec \theta \tan \theta d\theta \cr & \int {\frac{{\sqrt {9{x^2} - 25} }}{{{x^3}}}dx} = \int {\frac{{\sqrt {9{{\left( {5/3\sec \theta } \right)}^2} - 25} }}{{{{\left( {\left( {5/3} \right)sec\theta } \right)}^3}}}\left( {\frac{5}{3}\sec \theta \tan \theta d\theta } \right)} \cr & {\text{simplify}} \cr & = \int {\frac{{27\sqrt {25{{\sec }^2}\theta - 25} }}{{125{{\sec }^3}\theta }}\left( {\frac{5}{3}\sec \theta \tan \theta d\theta } \right)} \cr & = \int {\frac{{27\left( 5 \right)\sqrt {{{\sec }^2}\theta - 1} }}{{125{{\sec }^3}\theta }}\left( {\frac{5}{3}\sec \theta \tan \theta d\theta } \right)} \cr & {\text{pythagorean identity}} \cr & = \frac{9}{5}\int {\frac{{\sqrt {{{\tan }^2}\theta } }}{{{{\sec }^3}\theta }}\left( {\sec \theta \tan \theta d\theta } \right)} \cr & = \frac{9}{5}\int {\frac{{{{\tan }^2}\theta }}{{{{\sec }^2}\theta }}d\theta = } \frac{9}{5}\int {\frac{{{{\sin }^2}\theta }}{{{{\cos }^2}\theta }}\left( {{{\cos }^2}\theta } \right)d\theta } \cr & = \frac{9}{5}\int {{{\sin }^2}\theta d\theta } \cr & {\text{half - angle formula}} \cr & = \frac{9}{5}\int {\left( {\frac{{1 - \cos 2\theta }}{2}} \right)d\theta } \cr & {\text{integrating}} \cr & = \frac{9}{{10}}\left( {\theta - \frac{1}{2}\sin 2\theta } \right) + C \cr & = \frac{9}{{10}}\theta - \frac{9}{{10}}\sin \theta \cos \theta + C \cr & = \frac{9}{{10}}{\sec ^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{{3x}}{5}} \right) - \frac{9}{{10}}\left( {\frac{{\sqrt {9{x^2} - 25} }}{{3x}}} \right)\left( {\frac{5}{{3x}}} \right) + C \cr & = \frac{9}{{10}}{\sec ^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{{3x}}{5}} \right) - \frac{{\sqrt {9{x^2} - 25} }}{{2{x^2}}} + C \cr & or \cr & = \frac{9}{{10}}{\cos ^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{5}{{3x}}} \right) - \frac{{\sqrt {9{x^2} - 25} }}{{2{x^2}}} + C \cr} $$
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