Calculus 8th Edition

Published by Cengage
ISBN 10: 1285740629
ISBN 13: 978-1-28574-062-1

Chapter 7 - Techniques of Integration - 7.2 Trigonometric Integrals - 7.2 Exercises - Page 525: 48

Answer

\[\cot \frac{x}{2}+C\]

Work Step by Step

Let \[I=\int\frac{dx}{\cos x-1}\] \[\left[\cos 2\theta-1=-2\sin^2\theta\right]\] \[\left[\Rightarrow \cos\theta-1=-2\sin^2\frac{\theta}{2}\right]\] \[I=\int\frac{dx}{-2\sin^2\frac{x}{2}}=-\frac{1}{2}\int\csc^2\frac{x}{2}dx\] \[I=\frac{1}{2}\left[2\cot\frac{x}{2}\right]+C\] \[I=\cot\frac{x}{2}+C\] Hence $I=\cot\large\frac{x}{2}$ $+C$.
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