Calculus 8th Edition

Published by Cengage
ISBN 10: 1285740629
ISBN 13: 978-1-28574-062-1

Chapter 7 - Techniques of Integration - 7.1 Integration by Parts - 7.1 Exercises - Page 517: 66

Answer

\[1-\frac{2}{\pi}\ln 2\]

Work Step by Step

Let \[I=\int x\sec^2 x\;dx\] Using integration by parts: \[I=x\in \sec^2 x\;dx-\int\left[\frac{d}{dx}(x)\int \sec^2 xdx\right]dx\] \[I=x\tan x-\int (1)\tan x\;dx\] \[I=x\tan x-\int \tan x\;dx\] \[I=x\tan x+\ln |\cos x|\] \[\Rightarrow \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} x\sec^2 x\;dx=\left[I\right]_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\] \[\Rightarrow \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} x\sec^2 x\;dx=\left[x\tan x+\ln |\cos x|\right]_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\] \[\Rightarrow \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} x\sec^2 x\;dx=\left[\frac{\pi}{4}(1)+\ln\left|\frac{1}{\sqrt 2}\right|\right]-[0+\ln 1]\] \[\Rightarrow \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} x\sec^2 x\;dx=\frac{\pi}{4}-\frac{1}{2}\ln 2\] Average value of function $f(x)$ on the intevral $[a,b]$ is given by: \[f_{average}=\frac{1}{b-a}\int_a^b f(x)dx\] Therefore the required average value is given by: \[f_{average}=\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}-0}\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{4}} x\sec^2 xdx\] \[\Rightarrow f_{average}=\frac{4}{\pi}\left[\frac{\pi}{4}-\frac{1}{2}\ln 2\right]=1-\frac{2}{\pi}\ln 2\]
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