Calculus, 10th Edition (Anton)

Published by Wiley
ISBN 10: 0-47064-772-8
ISBN 13: 978-0-47064-772-1

Chapter 4 - Integration - 4.5 The Definite Integral - Exercises Set 4.5 - Page 308: 40

Answer

\begin{align} \lim\limits_{max \varDelta x_{k} \to 0} \sum_{k=1}^{n} \sqrt {4-(x_{k}^{*})^{2}} \varDelta x_{k} = 2\pi \end{align}

Work Step by Step

The given Riemann sum is \begin{align} \lim\limits_{max \varDelta x_{k} \to 0} \sum_{k=1}^{n} \sqrt {4-(x_{k}^{*})^{2}} \varDelta x_{k} \end{align} The definite integral form of the given Riemann sum is \begin{alignat}{1} \int_{-2}^{2} \sqrt {4-x^{2}} \ dx \end{alignat} Use trigonometric substitution x = 2 $\sin t$ $\Rrightarrow$ dx = 2 $\cos t$ dt: \begin{alignat}{1} &\int_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sqrt {4-(2\sin t)^{2}} \times 2\cos t \ dt = \int_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} 4(\cos t)^{2} = \\ & = 2 \times \int_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} (1 + \cos (2t)) \ dt = 2 \times (\pi + 0) = 2\pi \end{alignat}
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