Answer
$ 1.8 $ astronomical units farther from the sun is Jupiter than Earth.
Work Step by Step
The given formula is
$ d=\frac{3(2^{n-2})+4}{10} $
Where, $ d $ is measured in astronomical units and $ n $ is the number of planet from the sun.
For earth sustitute $ n=3 $ into the formula.
$ d=\frac{3(2^{3-2})+4}{10} $
$ d=\frac{3(2^{1})+4}{10} $
$ d=\frac{3 \cdot 2+4}{10} $
$ d=\frac{ 6+4}{10} $
$ d=\frac{ 10}{10} $
$ d=1 $
For Jupiter substitute $ n=5 $ into the formula.
$ d=\frac{3(2^{5-2})+4}{10} $
$ d=\frac{3(2^{3})+4}{10} $
$ d=\frac{3 \cdot 8+4}{10} $
$ d=\frac{ 24+4}{10} $
$ d=\frac{ 28}{10} $
$ d=2.8 $
The difference between both distances from the sun is
$ 2.8 - 1 = 1.8 $.
