Elementary Linear Algebra 7th Edition

Published by Cengage Learning
ISBN 10: 1-13311-087-8
ISBN 13: 978-1-13311-087-3

Chapter 4 - Vector Spaces - 4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations - 4.6 Exercises - Page 199: 33

Answer

a basis for the nullspace of $A$ consists of the vectors $$\left[\begin{aligned}-1\\ 1\\1 \\0 \end{aligned}\right], \left[\begin{aligned} 2\\ -2\\0\\1 \end{aligned}\right].$$

Work Step by Step

Given the matrix $$ A= \left[ \begin {array}{cccc} 1&3&-2&4\\ 0&1&-1&2 \\ -2&-6&4&-8\end {array} \right] . $$ The reduced row echelon form is given by $$ \left[ \begin {array}{cccc} 1&0&1&-2\\ 0&1&-1&2 \\ 0&0&0&0\end {array} \right] . $$ The corresponding system is $$ \begin{aligned} x_{1} +x_3-2x_4&=0 \\ x_{2} -x_3+2x_4&=0 \end{aligned}. $$ The solution of the above system is $x_1=-s+2t$,$x_2=s-2t$, $x_3=s$ and $x_4=t$. This means that the solution space of $Ax = 0 $ consists of the vectors on the following form $$x= \left[\begin{aligned} x_{1}\\ x_{2} \\x_3 \\x_4 \end{aligned}\right]= \left[\begin{aligned} -s+2t\\ s-2t\\s\\t \end{aligned}\right]=s\left[\begin{aligned}-1\\ 1\\1 \\0 \end{aligned}\right]+t\left[\begin{aligned} 2\\ -2\\0\\1 \end{aligned}\right] .$$ So, a basis for the nullspace of $A$ consists of the vectors $$\left[\begin{aligned}-1\\ 1\\1 \\0 \end{aligned}\right], \left[\begin{aligned} 2\\ -2\\0\\1 \end{aligned}\right].$$
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