Differential Equations and Linear Algebra (4th Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32196-467-5
ISBN 13: 978-0-32196-467-0

Chapter 4 - Vector Spaces - 4.11 Chapter Review - Additional Problems - Page 337: 41

Answer

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Work Step by Step

We are given $A=\begin{bmatrix} -1 & 6 & 2 & 0\\ 3 & 3 &1 & 5 \\ 7 & 21 & 7 & 15 \end{bmatrix}$ We obtain rowspace $A=\begin{bmatrix} -1 & 6 & 2 & 0\\ 3 & 3 &1 & 5 \\ 7 & 21 & 7 & 15 \end{bmatrix} \approx \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 6 & 2 & 0\\ 0 & 21 & 7 & 5 \\ 0 & 63 & 21 & 15 \end{bmatrix} \approx \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 6 & 2 & 0\\ 0 & 21 & 7 & 5 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix} \\ rowspace (A)=\{(-1,6,2,9),(0,21,7,5)\}$ And colspace $A= \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 6 & 2 & 0\\ 3 & 3 &1 & 5 \\ 7 & 21 & 7 & 15 \end{bmatrix} \approx \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 3 & 21 & 7 & 5 \\ 7 & 63 & 21 & 15 \end{bmatrix} \approx \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 3 & 21 & 0 & 0\\ 7 & 63 & 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix} \\ colspace (A)=\{(-1,3,7),(0,21,63)\}$ Thus the nullspace $(A)$ can be written as $Ax=0 \rightarrow \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 6 & 2 & 0\\ 0 & 21 & 7 & 5 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} x\\ y \\ z\\ w \end{bmatrix}= \begin{bmatrix} 0\\ 0 \\ 0\\0 \end{bmatrix} \\ \rightarrow 21y+7z+5w=0 \rightarrow y=-\frac{1}{3}y-\frac{5}{21}z\\ \rightarrow -x+6y+2z=0 \rightarrow x=6y+2z=-\frac{10}{7}z$ Thus, the null space $A$ is $\{(-\frac{1}{3}y-\frac{5}{21}z,-\frac{10}{7}z)\}$ Since $dim(nullspace (A))=2$ we have $z=0, w=1 \\ z=1, w=0$ Consequently, the null space of the given matrix $A$ is $\{(-\frac{10}{7},-\frac{5}{21},0,1),(0,-\frac{1}{3},1,0)\}$
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