Answer
See the explanation
Work Step by Step
a. An example of a situation in which an instance variable should be private is when the variable stores sensitive information or data that should not be directly accessible from outside the class. For instance, if a class has a password field, it should be declared as private to prevent unauthorized external access and modification.
b. An example of a situation in which an instance variable should be public is when the variable's value needs to be accessed and modified freely from outside the class. For example, if a class represents a Point in a 2D space, its x and y coordinates might be declared as public if it is intended for users of the class to directly manipulate those values.
c. An example of a situation in which a method should be private is when the method is used for internal implementation details and should not be exposed to external classes or users. For instance, if a class has a method that performs a complex calculation as part of a larger operation, and this calculation is not meant to be used independently, it should be declared as private.
d. An example of a situation in which a method should be public is when the method represents a core functionality of the class and needs to be accessible from external classes or users. For example, if a class represents a calculator, a method to perform mathematical operations like addition or subtraction should be declared as public to allow users to utilize the calculator's main functionality.
