Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 35 - AC Circuits - Exercises and Problems - Page 1054: 55

Answer

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Work Step by Step

We know that the instantaneous current is given by $$i=I\cos(\omega t-\phi) \tag 1$$ where $I=\varepsilon_0/Z$, where $Z=\sqrt{(X_L-X_C)^2+R^2}$ $$i=\dfrac{\varepsilon_0\cos(\omega t-\phi) }{\sqrt{(X_L-X_C)^2+R^2}}$$ where $\phi$ is given by $$\phi=\tan^{-1}\left[\dfrac{X_L-X_C}{R}\right]$$ where $X_L=2\pi fL$, and $X_C=1/2\pi f C$ $$\phi=\tan^{-1}\left[\dfrac{2\pi f L-\dfrac{1}{2\pi f C}}{R}\right]$$ Plug the known; $$\phi=\tan^{-1}\left[\dfrac{2\pi(3\times 10^3) (3.3\times 10^{-3})-\dfrac{1}{2\pi (3\times 10^3)(480\times 10^{-9})}}{(50)}\right]$$ $$\phi=\bf -44.02^\circ$$ Plug into (1), $$i=I\cos(\omega t+44.02^\circ) \tag 2$$ Recalling that $$\varepsilon=\varepsilon_0\cos(\omega t)\tag 3$$ $$\color{blue}{\bf [a]}$$ $\bullet$ When $i=I$, then from (2), $\cos(\omega t+44.02^\circ)=1$ which means that $\omega t+44.02^\circ=0^\circ$. Hence, $\omega t=-44.02^\circ$ Plug into (3), $$\varepsilon=\varepsilon_0\cos(-44.02^\circ)=5\cos(-44.02^\circ)$$ $$\varepsilon=\color{red}{\bf 3.6}\;\rm V$$ $$\color{blue}{\bf [b]}$$ $\bullet$ When $i=0$ and decreasing, then from (2), $\cos(\omega t+44.02^\circ)=0$ which means that $\omega t+44.02^\circ=90^\circ$. Hence, $\omega t=45.98^\circ$ Plug into (3), $$\varepsilon=\varepsilon_0\cos(45.98^\circ)=5\cos(45.98^\circ)$$ $$\varepsilon=\color{red}{\bf 3.47}\;\rm V$$ $$\color{blue}{\bf [c]}$$ $\bullet$ When $i=-I$, then from (2), $\cos(\omega t+44.02^\circ)=-1$ which means that $\omega t+44.02^\circ=180^\circ$. Hence, $\omega t=136^\circ$ Plug into (3), $$\varepsilon=\varepsilon_0\cos(136^\circ)=5\cos(136^\circ)$$ $$\varepsilon=\color{red}{\bf -3.6}\;\rm V$$
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