Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 35 - AC Circuits - Exercises and Problems - Page 1054: 54

Answer

a) ${\bf 64.2}\;\rm mA$ b) ${\bf 48}\;\rm mA$

Work Step by Step

We know that the instantaneous current is given by $$i=I\cos(\omega t-\phi)\tag1 $$ where $I=\varepsilon_0/Z$, where $Z=\sqrt{(X_L-X_C)^2+R^2}$ $$i=\dfrac{\varepsilon_0\cos(\omega t-\phi) }{\sqrt{(X_L-X_C)^2+R^2}}\tag 1$$ where $\phi$ is given by $$\phi=\tan^{-1}\left[\dfrac{X_L-X_C}{R}\right]$$ where $X_L=2\pi fL$, and $X_C=1/2\pi f C$ $$\phi=\tan^{-1}\left[\dfrac{2\pi f L-\dfrac{1}{2\pi f C}}{R}\right]$$ Plug the known; $$\phi=\tan^{-1}\left[\dfrac{2\pi(5\times 10^3) (3.3\times 10^{-3})-\dfrac{1}{2\pi (5\times 10^3)(480\times 10^{-9})}}{(50)}\right]$$ $$\phi=\bf 36.77^\circ$$ Plug into (1), $$i=\dfrac{\varepsilon_0\cos(\omega t-36.77^\circ) }{\sqrt{\left(2\pi f L-\dfrac{1}{2\pi f C}\right)^2+R^2}}\tag 2$$ Recalling that $$\varepsilon=\varepsilon_0\cos(\omega t)\tag 3$$ $$\color{blue}{\bf [a]}$$ $\bullet$ When $\varepsilon=\varepsilon_0$, then from (3), $\cos(\omega t)=1$ which means that $\omega t=0$. Plug into (2), $$i=\dfrac{\varepsilon_0\cos(0^\circ-36.77^\circ) }{\sqrt{\left(2\pi f L-\dfrac{1}{2\pi f C}\right)^2+R^2}} $$ Plug the known; $$i=\dfrac{(5)\cos( -36.77^\circ) }{\sqrt{\left(2\pi(5\times 10^3)(3.3\times 10^{-3})-\dfrac{1}{2\pi (5\times 10^3)(480\times 10^{-9})}\right)^2+(50)^2}} $$ $$i =\color{red}{\bf 64.2}\;\rm mA$$ $$\color{blue}{\bf [b]}$$ $\bullet$ When $\varepsilon=0$ and $\varepsilon$ decreases, then from (3), $\cos(\omega t)=0$ which means that $\omega t=90^\circ$. Plug into (2), $$i=\dfrac{\varepsilon_0\cos(90^\circ-36.77^\circ) }{\sqrt{\left(2\pi f L-\dfrac{1}{2\pi f C}\right)^2+R^2}} $$ Plug the known; $$i=\dfrac{(5)\cos(90^\circ -36.77^\circ) }{\sqrt{\left(2\pi(5\times 10^3)(3.3\times 10^{-3})-\dfrac{1}{2\pi (5\times 10^3)(480\times 10^{-9})}\right)^2+(50)^2}} $$ $$i= \color{red}{\bf 48}\;\rm mA$$
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