Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 19 - Heat Engines and Refrigerators - Exercises and Problems - Page 551: 33

Answer

See the proof below.

Work Step by Step

In an adiabatic process, we know that the heat exchange is zero, $Q=0$. And we know that the change in the thermal energy of this system is given by $$\Delta E_{th}=W+Q$$ Hence, $$\Delta E_{th}=W+0$$ where $\Delta E_{th}=nC_{\rm V}\Delta T$ $$W_s=-nC_{\rm V}(T_f-T_i)\tag1$$ Recall the ideal gas law, $$PV=nRT$$ Hence, $$T=\dfrac{PV}{nR}$$ Plugging into (1); $$W_s= -\color{red}{\bf\not} nC_{\rm V}\left(\dfrac{P_fV_f}{ \color{red}{\bf\not} nR}-\dfrac{P_iV_i}{ \color{red}{\bf\not} nR}\right)$$ $$W_s=- \dfrac{C_{\rm V}}{R}\left(P_fV_f-P_iV_i\right)$$ Recalling that $$R=C_{\rm P}-C_{\rm V}$$ $$W_s=- \dfrac{C_{\rm V}}{C_{\rm P}-C_{\rm V}}\left(P_fV_f-P_iV_i\right)$$ $$W_s=- \dfrac{\frac{C_{\rm V}}{C_{\rm P}}}{\frac{C_{\rm P}}{C_{\rm P}}-\frac{C_{\rm V}}{C_{\rm P}}}\left(P_fV_f-P_iV_i\right)$$ Recalling that $\gamma=C_{\rm P}/C_{\rm V}$ $$W_s=- \dfrac{\frac{1}{\gamma}}{1-\frac{1}{\gamma}}\left(P_fV_f-P_iV_i\right)$$ $$W_s=- \dfrac{\frac{1}{ \color{red}{\bf\not} \gamma}}{ \frac{\gamma-1}{ \color{red}{\bf\not} \gamma}}\left(P_fV_f-P_iV_i\right)$$ $$W_s=- \dfrac{1}{ \gamma-1}\left(P_fV_f-P_iV_i\right)$$ $$\boxed{W_s= \dfrac{P_fV_f-P_iV_i }{1- \gamma } }$$
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