Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 17 - Work, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics - Exercises and Problems - Page 500: 63

Answer

a) $152\;\rm J$ b) $-91.4\;\rm J$

Work Step by Step

The first process, from 1 to 2, is an isobaric process and the second process, from 2 to 3, is an isochoric process. $\bullet\bullet$ From the given graph we can see that: $\bullet$ ​$T_1=T_3=100^\circ\rm C=373\;K$ ​$\bullet$ ​$P_1=P_2= 3\;\rm atm$ ​$\bullet$ ​$P_3= 1\;\rm atm$ ​$\bullet$ ​$V_2=V_3= 300\;\rm cm^3$ ​$\bullet$ ​$V_1 =100\;\rm cm^3$ So that the only unknown here is $T_2$ and $n$. $T_2$ is given from the first process: $$\dfrac{ \color{red}{\bf\not} P_1V_1}{T_1}=\dfrac{ \color{red}{\bf\not} P_2V_2}{T_2}$$ Hence, $$T_2=\dfrac{T_1V_2}{V_1}=\dfrac{(373)(300)}{(100)}=\bf 1119\;\rm K$$ $\bullet$ ​$T_2= 1119\;K$ Now the number of moles $n$ can be found by using the first process at point 1: $$P_1V_1=nRT_1$$ Hence, $$n=\dfrac{P_1V_1}{RT_1}=\dfrac{(3\times 1.013\times 10^5)(100\times 10^{-6})}{(8.31)(373)}=\bf 0.0098044\;\rm mol$$ $\bullet$ ​$n= 9.8044\times 10^{-3}\;mol$ ____________________________________________________________ a) For an isobaric process, the heat needed is given by $$Q_{1\rightarrow2}=nC_{\rm p}(T_2-T_1)$$ Plugging the known; $$Q_{1\rightarrow2}=( 9.8044\times 10^{-3})(20.8)(1119-373)$$ $$Q_{1\rightarrow2}=\color{red}{\bf 152}\;\rm J$$ --- b) For an isochoric process, the heat needed is given by $$Q_{2\rightarrow3}=nC_{\rm v}(T_3-T_2)$$ Plugging the known; $$Q_{2\rightarrow3}=( 9.8044\times 10^{-3})(12.5)(373-1119 )$$ $$Q_{2\rightarrow3}=\color{red}{\bf -91.4}\;\rm J$$
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