The Count of Monte Cristo

Selected adaptations

Classic Comics, The Count of Monte Cristo,Issue #3, published 1942.

Film

Hobart Bosworth (right) in The Count of Monte Cristo (1908)Edmond Dantès (James O'Neill) loosens a stone before making his escape from the Château d'If in The Count of Monte Cristo (1913)
  • 1908: The Count of Monte Cristo, a silent film starring Hobart Bosworth
  • 1913: The Count of Monte Cristo, a silent film starring James O'Neill
  • 1918: The Count of Monte Cristo, a silent-film serial starring Léon Mathot
  • 1922: Monte Cristo, starring John Gilbert and directed by Emmett J. Flynn
  • 1929: Monte Cristo, restored silent epic directed by Henri Fescourt
  • 1934: The Count of Monte Cristo, directed by Rowland V. Lee
  • 1940: The Son of Monte Cristo, directed by Rowland V. Lee
  • 1942: The Count of Monte Cristo (Spanish: El Conde de Montecristo), a Mexican film version, directed by Chano Urueta and starring Arturo de Córdova
  • 1946: The Return of Monte Cristo, directed by Henry Levin
  • 1953: The Count of Monte Cristo (Spanish: El Conde de Montecristo), directed by León Klimovsky and starring Jorge Mistral
  • 1954: The Count of Monte Cristo, starring Jean Marais
  • 1958: Vanjikottai Valiban (வஞ்சிக்கோட்டை வாலிபன்), Tamil film adaptation and its Hindi remake Raaj Tilak
  • 1961: Le comte de Monte Cristo, starring Louis Jourdan, directed by Claude Autant-Lara
  • 1968: Sous le signe de Monte Cristo, French film starring Paul Barge, Claude Jade and Anny Duperey, directed by André Hunebelle, and set in 1947
  • 1975: The Count of Monte Cristo, TV film starring Richard Chamberlain, directed by David Greene
  • 1982: Padayottam, a Malayalam film adaption set in Kerala context, directed by Jijo Punnoose, starring Prem Nazir, Madhu, Mammootty and Mohanlal
  • 1986: Veta, Telugu film adaptation
  • 1986: Legacy of Rage, a Cantonese-language Hong Kong film adaptation, starring Brandon Lee
  • 1986: Asipatha Mamai, a Sinhala film adaptation
  • 1999: Forever Mine, film starring Joseph Fiennes, Ray Liotta and Gretchen Mol, loosely but clearly based upon The Count of Monte Cristo, directed/written by Paul Schrader
  • 2002: The Count of Monte Cristo, directed by Kevin Reynolds and starring Jim Caviezel, Dagmara Domińczyk, Richard Harris and Guy Pearce
  • 2024 The Count of Monte Cristo

Television

  • 1956: The Count of Monte Cristo, TV series based on further adventures of Edmond Dantès after the end of the novel
  • 1964: The Count of Monte Cristo, BBC television serial starring Alan Badel and Natasha Parry
  • 1966: Il conte di Montecristo, RAI Italian television serial directed by Edmo Fenoglio. starring Andrea Giordana
  • 1973: The Count of Monte Cristo UK/Italian animated series, produced by Halas and Batchelor and RAI Italy
  • 1977: The Great Vendetta (大報復), Hong Kong television serial starring Adam Cheng, in which the background of the story is changed to Southern China during the Republican Era
  • 1979: Nihon Gankutsuou (日本巌窟王), Japanese television serial set in Edo period, starring Masao Kusakari
  • 1979: Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (1979 miniseries), French TV series starring Jacques Weber
  • 1984: La Dueña, a 1984 Venezuelan telenovela with a female version of Edmond Dantès
  • 1988: Uznik Zamka If (litt. The Prisoner of Castle If ), Soviet miniseries starring Viktor Avilov (Count of Monte Cristo) and Aleksei Petrenko (Abbé Faria), with music and songs of Alexander Gradsky
  • 1994: Marimar, a Spanish language television series by Televisa that later spawned remakes in Mexico and the Philippines.
  • 1996: Itihaas, an Indian television series, created by Nirmala Sood and co-produced by Ekta Kapoor and Shobha Kapoor under their banner Balaji Telefilms.
  • 1998: The Count of Monte Cristo, television miniseries starring Gérard Depardieu
  • 2004: Gankutsuou: The Count of Monte Cristo (巌窟王 Gankutsuoo, literally "The King of the Cave"), Japanese animation adaptation. Produced by Gonzo, directed by Mahiro Maeda
  • 2006: Montecristo, Argentine telenovela starring Pablo Echarri and Paola Krum
  • 2006: Vingança, telenovela directed by Rodrigo Riccó and Paulo Rosa, SIC Portugal
  • 2010: Ezel, a Turkish television series which is an adaptation of The Count of Monte Cristo
  • 2011: Un amore e una vendetta (English: Love and Vendetta) an Italian television series loosely based on the book
  • 2011: Revenge, a television series billed as an adaptation of The Count of Monte Cristo
  • 2012: Antsanoty, an Armenia-Armenian television series which is an adaptation of The Count of Monte Cristo
  • 2013: La Patrona, a loose Mexican remake of 1984 telenovela La Dueña
  • 2016: Goodbye Mr. Black, a South Korean TV series loosely based on The Count of Monte Cristo
  • 2016: Once Upon a Time's sixth season features the Count as a character, portrayed by Craig Horner. Several characters and plot elements from the story are also alluded to[30]
  • 2016: Yago, Mexican telenovela starring Iván Sánchez and Gabriela de la Garza
  • 2018: The Count of Monte-Cristo: Gorgeous Revenge (モンテ・クリスト伯 –華麗なる復讐- Monte Kurisuto Haku: Kareinaru Fukushū),[31] a Japanese TV series starring Dean Fujioka
  • 2018: Wes, a Sri Lankan-Sinhala television series that is an adaptation of The Count of Monte Cristo and was influenced by Ezel television series
  • 2021: Miss Monte-Cristo, a South Korean adaptation on KBS featuring female characters.

Other appearances in film or television

  • 1973: The Count of Monte Cristo, animated short produced by Hanna-Barbera
  • 2007: The first section of The Simpsons episode "Revenge Is a Dish Best Served Three Times" has an adaptation of The Count of Monte Cristo but it is entitled The Count of Monte Fatso

Sequel books

In 1853, a work professing to be the sequel of the book, entitled The Hand of the Deceased, appeared in Portuguese and French editions (respectively entitled A Mão do finado and La Main du défunt). The novel, falsely attributed to Dumas, but in fact, originally published anonymously or sometimes attributed to one F. Le Prince, has been traced to Portuguese writer Alfredo Possolo Hogan.[32][33]

Other sequels include:

  • 1881: The Son of Monte Cristo, Jules Lermina (1839–1915). This novel was divided in the English translation into two books: The Wife of Monte Cristo and The Son of Monte Cristo). Both were published in English in New York, 1884, translated by Jacob Ralph Abarbanell (1852–1922).
  • 1884: Edmond Dantès: The Sequel to Alexander Dumas' Celebrated Novel The Count of Monte Cristo, Edmund Flagg (1815–1890). Published in English by T.B. Peterson and Brothers in 1886 (no translator credited).
  • 1884: Monte-Cristo's Daughter: Sequel to Alexander Dumas' Great Novel, "The Count of Monte-Cristo," and Conclusion of "Edmond Dantès", Edmund Flagg. Published in English by T.B. Peterson and Brothers in 1886 (no translator credited).
  • 1885: The Treasure of Monte-Cristo, Jules Lermina (1839–1915).
  • 1869: The Countess of Monte Cristo, Jean Charles Du Boys (1836–1873). Published in English by T.B. Peterson and Brothers in 1871 (no translator credited).
  • 1887: Monte Cristo and his wife, presumably by Jacob Ralph Abarbanell.
  • 1902: Countess of Monte Cristo, by Jacob Ralph Abarbanell.

Plays and musicals

Premiere of Dumas' Monte Cristo at Théâtre Historique (1848)

Alexandre Dumas and Auguste Maquet wrote a set of four plays that collectively told the story of The Count of Monte Cristo: Monte Cristo Part I (1848); Monte Cristo Part II (1848); Le Comte de Morcerf (1851) and Villefort (1851). The first two plays were first performed at Dumas' own Théâtre Historique in February 1848, with the performance spread over two nights, each with a long duration (the first evening ran from 18:00 until 00:00). The play was also unsuccessfully performed at Drury Lane in London later that year where rioting erupted in protest against French companies performing in England.

The adaptation differs from the novel in many respects: several characters, such as Luigi Vampa, are excluded; whereas the novel includes many different plot threads that are brought together at the conclusion, the third and fourth plays deal only with the fate of Mondego and Villefort respectively (Danglars's fate is not featured at all); the play is the first to feature Dantès shouting "the world is mine!", an iconic line that would be used in many future adaptations.

Poster for a 1900 production of Charles Fechter's adaptation of The Count of Monte Cristo, starring James O'Neill

Two English adaptations of the novel were published in 1868. The first, by Hailes Lacy, differs only slightly from Dumas' version with the main change being that Fernand Mondego is killed in a duel with the Count rather than committing suicide. Much more radical was the version by Charles Fechter, a notable French-Anglo actor. The play faithfully follows the first part of the novel, omits the Rome section and makes several sweeping changes to the third part, among the most significant being that Albert is actually the son of Dantès. The fates of the three main antagonists are also altered: Villefort, whose fate is dealt with quite early on in the play, kills himself after being foiled by the Count trying to kill Noirtier (Villefort's half brother in this version); Mondego kills himself after being confronted by Mercedes; Danglars is killed by the Count in a duel. The ending sees Dantès and Mercedes reunited and the character of Haydee is not featured at all. The play was first performed at the Adelphi in London in October 1868. The original duration was five hours, resulting in Fechter abridging the play, which, despite negative reviews, had a respectable sixteen-week run. Fechter moved to the United States in 1869 and Monte Cristo was chosen for the inaugural play at the opening of the Globe Theatre, Boston in 1870. Fechter last performed the role in 1878.

In 1883, John Stetson, manager of the Booth Theatre and The Globe Theatre, wanted to revive the play and asked James O'Neill (the father of playwright Eugene O'Neill) to perform the lead role. O'Neill, who had never seen Fechter perform, made the role his own and the play became a commercial, if not an artistic success. O'Neill made several abridgments to the play and eventually bought it from Stetson. A motion picture based on Fechter's play, with O'Neill in the title role, was released in 1913 but was not a huge success. O'Neill died in 1920, two years before a more successful motion picture, produced by Fox and partially based on Fechter's version, was released. O'Neill came to despise the role of Monte Cristo, which he performed more than 6000 times, feeling that his typecasting had prevented him from pursuing more artistically rewarding roles. This discontent later became a plot point in Eugene O'Neill's semi-autobiographical play Long Day's Journey Into Night.

In 2008, the Russian theater of Moscow Operetta set a musical Monte-Cristo based on the book with music of Roman Ignatiev and lyrics of Yulii Kim. Six years later it won in Daegu International Musical Festival in South Korea. Original plot was slightly changed and some characters are not mentioned in the musical.

The Count of Monte Cristo is a musical based on the novel, with influences from the 2002 film adaptation of the book. The music is written by Frank Wildhorn and the lyrics and book are by Jack Murphy. It debuted in Switzerland in 2009.[34]

Audio adaptations

Newspaper advertisement for The Campbell Playhouse presentation of "The Count of Monte Cristo" (1 October 1939)
  • 1938: The Mercury Theatre on the Air with Orson Welles (Dantés), Ray Collins (Abbé Faria), George Coulouris (Monsieur Morrel), Edgar Barrier (de Villefort), Eustace Wyatt (Caderousse), Paul Stewart (Paul Dantés) Sidney Smith (Mondego), Richard Wilson (the Officer), Virginia Welles (Mercédès); radio broadcast 29 August 1938[35]: 345 
  • 1939: The Campbell Playhouse with Orson Welles (Dantés), Ray Collins (Caderousse), Everett Sloane (Abbé Faria), Frank Readick (Villefort), George Coulouris (Danglars), Edgar Barrier (Mondego), Richard Wilson (a Jailer), Agnes Moorehead (Mercédès); radio broadcast 1 October 1939[35]: 354 
  • 1939: Robert Montgomery on the Lux Radio Theater (radio)
  • 1947–52: The Count of Monte Cristo radio program starring Carleton Young
  • 1960s: Paul Daneman for Tale Spinners For Children series (LP) UAC 11044
  • 1961: Louis Jourdan for Caedmon Records (LP)
  • 1964: Per Edström director (radio series in Sweden)[36]
  • 1987: Andrew Sachs on BBC Radio 4 (later BBC Radio 7 and BBC Radio 4 Extra), adapted by Barry Campbell and directed by Graham Gould, with Alan Wheatley as L'Abbe Faria, Nigel Anthony as de Villefort, Geoffrey Matthews as Danglars and Melinda Walker as Mercedes
  • 1989: Richard Matthews for Penguin Random House (ISBN 978-1415912218)
  • 2005: John Lee for Blackstone Audio
  • 2010: Bill Homewood for Naxos Audiobooks (ISBN 978-9626341346)
  • 2012: Iain Glen on BBC Radio 4, adapted by Sebastian Baczkiewicz and directed by Jeremy Mortimer and Sasha Yevtushenko, with Richard Johnson as Faria, Jane Lapotaire as the aged Haydee, Toby Jones as Danglars, Zubin Varla as Fernand, Paul Rhys as Villefort and Josette Simon as Mercedes[37]
  • 2017: The Count of Monte Cristo musical adaption by Berry & Butler[38]
  • 2021: Radio Mirchi Kolkata's station aired The Count of Monte Cristo in Bengali, translated by Rajarshee Gupta for Mirchi's Sunday Suspense Programme. Edmond Dantès was voiced by actor Gaurav Chakrabarty. Abbé Faria was voiced by RJ Mir, Fernand Mondego by Anirban Bhattacharya and the story was narrated by RJ Deep.[39][40] Apart from being a 6-hours epic, this adaptation was famous for having "Pitcairn Story" as the background music. This BGM is now being more identified with this epic.

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