Answer
$Q_e > Q_a > Q_d > Q_b > Q_c$
Work Step by Step
To calculate the charge of each system, we can use the formula $Q = e(N_p - N_e)$ where $N_p$ and $N_e$ are the number of protons and electrons, respectively.
The charge of each system is
a. $(1-0)e = e$
b. $(0-1)e = -e$
c. $(17-19)e = -2e$
d. $(1,000,000 - 1,000,000)e = 0$
e. $(x - (x - 3))e = 3e$
So, from most positive to most negative, the systems rank:
$Q_e > Q_a > Q_d > Q_b > Q_c$
