Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 38 - Quantization - Exercises and Problems - Page 1155: 69

Answer

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Work Step by Step

$$\color{blue}{\bf [a]}$$ In a magnetic field, an electron undergoing cyclotron motion has its angular momentum quantized according to Bohr’s condition which is given by $$ L_n = n \hbar \tag 1$$ where the angular momentum for a charged particle moving in a circle with radius $r_n $ in a magnetic field of $B $ is given by $$L_n = m v_n r_n\tag 2$$ From (1) and (2); $$ n \hbar=m v_n r_n\tag 3$$ Here,$v_n $ is the speed of the electron in the $n$-th orbit. In a magnetic field. We know that the magnetic field force exerted on the electron is given by $$ F=\frac{m v_n^{\color{red}{\bf\not} 2}}{r_n} = e \color{red}{\bf\not} v_n B $$ Solving for$r_n $: $$ r_n=\frac{m v_n }{e B } \tag 4$$ where, from (3), $mv_n=n\hbar /r_n$. Hence, $$ r_n^2=\frac{n\hbar }{e B } $$ $$ \boxed{r_n =\sqrt{\frac{n\hbar }{e B } }}$$ $$\color{blue}{\bf [b]}$$ The first four allowed radii in a 1.0 T magnetic field are for $n=1,2,3,$ and $4$. Using the boxed formula above. For $n=1$; $$r_1 =\sqrt{\frac{(1)(1.055\times 10 ^{−34})}{(1.6\times 10^{-19})(1) } }=\color{red}{\bf 25.7}\;\rm nm$$ For $n=2$; $$r_2 =\sqrt{\frac{(2)(1.055\times 10 ^{−34})}{(1.6\times 10^{-19})(1) } }=\color{red}{\bf 36.3}\;\rm nm$$ For $n=3$; $$r_3 =\sqrt{\frac{(3)(1.055\times 10 ^{−34})}{(1.6\times 10^{-19})(1) } }=\color{red}{\bf 44.4}\;\rm nm$$ For $n=4$; $$r_4 =\sqrt{\frac{(3)(1.055\times 10 ^{−34})}{(1.6\times 10^{-19})(1) } }=\color{red}{\bf 51.4}\;\rm nm$$ $$\color{blue}{\bf [c]}$$ We know that the cyclotron frequency is given by $$f_{\rm cyc}=\dfrac{eB}{2\pi m}\tag 5$$ And we know that the energy associated with the circular motion (cyclotron motion) is the kinetic energy of the electron $$E_n=\frac{1}{2}mv_n^2\tag 6$$ Solving (4) for $v_n$ and plug it into (6); $$E_n=\frac{1}{2}m\left[ \dfrac{eBr_n}{m}\right]^2 $$ $$E_n= \dfrac{e^2B^2r_n^2}{2m} $$ Plugging $r_n$ from part (a) above; $$E_n= \dfrac{e^{\color{red}{\bf\not} 2}B^{\color{red}{\bf\not} 2} n\hbar}{2m\color{red}{\bf\not} e\color{red}{\bf\not} B} $$ $$E_n= \dfrac{e B n\hbar}{2m } $$ \multiplying the right side by $\dfrac{\pi}{\pi}$ $$E_n= \dfrac{\pi e B n \hbar}{2\pi m } $$ $$E_n= \overbrace{ \dfrac{e B }{2\pi m }}^{\rm see \;(5)} (\pi n \hbar)$$ $$\boxed{E_n= \pi n \hbar f_{\rm cyc} }$$
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