Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 38 - Quantization - Exercises and Problems - Page 1154: 50

Answer

${\bf 8.6 }\;\rm mm $

Work Step by Step

We have here a circular aperture experiment. We know that the width of the central maxima in such an experiment is given by $$w=\dfrac{2.44\lambda L}{D}\tag 1$$ where $L$ is the distance between the circular aperture and the screen, $D$ is the diameter of the aperture, and $\lambda$ is the wavelength of the electrons which we can find by using de Broglie wavelength's formula. $$\lambda=\dfrac{h}{p}=\dfrac{h}{mv} $$ Plug into (1); $$w=\dfrac{2.44 Lh }{mvD}\tag 2$$ Now the only unknown in (2) is the speed of the electrons $v$. We can find it by recalling the kinematic energy of $$K_f=\frac{1}{2}mv^2$$ So the speed of the electron is given by $$v=\sqrt{\dfrac{2K_f}{m}}= \sqrt{\dfrac{2 eV}{m}}$$ Plug the known; $$v=\sqrt{\dfrac{2(1.6\times 10^{-19})(250)}{(9.11\times 10^{-31})}}=\bf 9.371\times 10^6\;\rm m/s$$ Now we can plug all the known into (2) to find the diameter (the width) of the bright spot (central maxima). $$w=\dfrac{2.44 (1.5)(6.63\times10^{-34})}{(9.11\times 10^{-31})(9.371\times 10^6)(33\times 10^{-9})}=\bf \color{red}{\bf 8.6\times 10^{-3}}\;\rm m $$
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