Answer
The bullet has the larger kinetic energy.
Work Step by Step
We first find the kinetic energy of the bullet;
$KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$
$KE = \frac{1}{2}(0.010~kg)(500~m/s)^2$
$KE = 1250~joules$
We then find the kinetic energy of the bowling ball;
$KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$
$KE = \frac{1}{2}(10~kg)(10~m/s)^2$
$KE = 500~joules$
The bullet has the larger kinetic energy.